660 rnOCEEDIXaS of the national museum. vol. xxxm. 



23. DACTYLOPTENA ORIENTALIS (Cuvier and Valenciennes.) 

 SEMIHOBO (Cicada Square-head, or Gurnard.) 



Dactylopterus oricntaUs Cuvier and Valenciennes. Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, 

 p. 134,pl.LXXvi (Indian Ocean). — Temminck and Schlegel, Faun. Japon. 

 Pise, 1843, p. 37, pi. xvA (seas of Japan and China). — Richardson, Ichth. 

 China and Japan, 1848, p. 218 (Japanese and Chinese seas). — GDnther, Cat. 

 Fishes, II. 1860, p. 222 (China; Japan; Amboyna; Cape seas). — Shore Fishes 

 Challenger, 1880, p. 42 (Arafura Sea).— Namiye, Class. Cat., 1881, p. 101 

 (Tokyo). — IsHiKAWA, Cat. Fishes Imp. Mus. Tokyo, 1897, p. 47 (Kagoshima). 



Dactylopterus japonicus Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., VII, 1854, p. 396 (Waka, 

 Japan). — Niewe Nalez. Ichth. Japan, 1857, p. 72 (Nagasaki, in mari). 



Cephalacanthus orientalis Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 

 XXIII, 1905, Pt. I, p. 473, fig. 208 (Hawaiian Islands). 



Habitat. — South Japan, East Indies, and Hawaii. 



Head, 4.10 in length; depth, 5.50; snout, 2.75 in head; eye, 3,33; 

 maxillary, 2.25; interorbital space, 2; D. I-I, V, 1-8; A., 7; P., 33; 

 V. 5; scales, 47 in longitudinal and 21 in transverse series to edge of 

 belly. 



Body elongate, depressed, the lower surface flattened, head broad, 

 depressed, squarish in cross section; interorbital space concave, its 

 depth at middle equal to the width of the pupil; eye slightly nearer 

 to end of snout than to upper corner of gill opening; side of head 

 above produced backward in a long bony shield, ending in a keeled 

 point opposite the base of the second spine of the continuous spinous, 

 dorsal; the distance between the apices of the scapular processes con- 

 tained about IJ times in the depth of the notch between them, which 

 forms an acute angle ; preopercle with a backwardly directed spinous 

 process, whose tip reaches barely to base of ventrals in' adults, but is 

 somewhat longer in young; first (detached) spinous ray of dorsal fin 

 originating just behind occiput, and greatly elongated, its tip reach- 

 ing nearly to the back of the continuous spinous dorsal; second 

 detached ray forming a spmous finlet with a well developed mem- 

 brane, inserted directly in front of the continuous spinous dorsal, and 

 of about half its height; spinous dorsal (the continuous fin) slightly 

 higher than soft dorsal; a short keel-like spine in the space between 

 the two fins; origin of anal about midway between base of caudal 

 and gill-opening; caudal truncate; pectorals large and greatly elon- 

 gated, their tips reaching past the base of the caudal and sometimes 

 to its tip, the ends of the long median rays prolonged more or less as 

 short filaments; caudal peduncle long and depressed, its length 

 nearly equal to head; lower side of posterior part of trunk with 4 of 

 the keel-like scales enlarged and movable, the first enlarged scale 

 being opposite vent; base of caudal fin furnished with two paii's of 

 movable keeled scales, one upper and one lower; lateral line wanting. 



Color in alcohol dull purplish brown, with rather large dark round 

 spots on the back of about size of ])upil, and with lower surface whit- 



