ART. 13 ANATOMY OF CHINESE FINLESS POBPOISE HOWELL 27 



in the lettering and what is marked as this muscle is really the 

 sternohyoid. 



The thyrohyoideus extends medio-craniad from the lateral portion 

 of the thyroid cartilage to an insertion upon the caudal border of the 

 hyoid. In the other genera considered it apparently exhibits no 

 peculiarities. 



The geniohyoideus^ which lies deep to the mylohyoid, has origin 

 along the entire cranial border of the basihyal, with apparently no 

 direct connection of the fibers with the mandible, but rather into the 

 cranio-ventral portion of the tongue. This fact was not determined 

 with certainty as this could not be done without damage to the 

 mandible, which it was desired to avoid. 



In Kogia^ Phocaena^ and apparently Glohiocephala^ connection is 

 with the mandible, while in Balaenoytera this muscle was not found 

 at all. 



The ceratohyoideus takes origin from practically the entire cranio- 

 dorsal border of the basihyal and is inserted upon the caudo-dorsal 

 border of the medial half of the stylohyal and the adjoining border 

 of the ceratohyal. This muscle seems to be very similar in Kogia 

 but is not mentioned for Balasnoptera. Murie figures it for Glohio- 

 cephala and terms it the interhyoideus. 



The hyoepiglotticus is a small, short muscle extending from the 

 cranio-dorsal part of the hyoid to the epiglottic cartilage. 



Deep lateral and suhvertehral group. — There seem to be but two 

 scalenus muscles, both powerful, in the present animal. The scalenus 

 dorsalis arises chiefly from the first rib, but more dorsad there is 

 also a slip from the second rib. Craniad it becomes very thick and is 

 inserted not by separate slips but continuously upon the membrane 

 investing the transverse process of the fused axis, the caudal ridge 

 and extremity of the tranverse process of the atlas, and the border 

 of the exoccipital. The scalenus ventralis arises from the costal 

 cartilages of the first five (approximately) ribs, and converging 

 strongly, insertion is upon the lateral border of the exoccipital and 

 the adjoining medial border of the falcate process. 



All whales seem to have but two divisions of the scalenus, the 

 anticus being the missing part. In Kogia the dorsalis (medialis) 

 arises from the first rib only, and is much larger than the ventralis 

 (posticus), which also arises from the first rib and is inserted upon 

 the transverse processes of all the cervical vertebrae. In Balaenop- 

 tera the muscle complex of which the scalenus is a part is very much 

 involved, and Schulte's description of the conditions encountered is 

 not particularly illuminating. There are two divisions of the scala- 

 nus in this genus also, however. Both seem to arise from the first 

 three ribs, with fibers from additional ribs. For Glohiocephala 



