'°i89o"'] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 189 



eastern end of Pennsylvania avenue leads directly into one of the old 

 camps of Nacotchtanke. In preparing the grade for the eastern ap- 

 proach to the bridge, the surface soil was removed from at least two 

 acres of this camp. The field, a level sandy plain, was first plowed, 

 the loose soil taken up and deposited on the grade, and the process 

 repeated. Each time the shovel followed the plow nearly everything 

 turned up by the latter was removed from the field. On one side of 

 the field, however, the work was not carried out to include the full area 

 first laid bare, but was confined within lesser limits, and, the same thing 

 occurring again, two low terraces were formed, each but a little more 

 than the depth of one plowing. Thus : the upper terrace is the original 

 surface of the field, the next lower the result of the first plowing, and 

 the foot of this terrace the result of the last plowing. The whole 

 depth of the excavation at this point was a little over two feet. An 

 examination showed that the upper terrace carried a large number of 

 relics common to the locality, bits of worked quartz, quartzite, arrow- 

 heads, etc., tlie second an equal quantity of the same material, while 

 the bottom, though in less degree, still furnished a considerable num- 

 ber of implements, fragments, and chips. 



To illustrate the amount of material on the surface of the ground, 

 attention is directed to Exhibit No. 14G,5G3, a tray of 107 pieces i)icked 

 up in two hours' work, April 20, 188S, from the field marked A : A pol- 

 ished ax, arrowheads, knives, scraps of pottery, etc.; all the odds and 

 ends of the old viihigc life. 



In studying the distribution of stone implements in the District it 

 should be remembered that an Indian village of the Potomac was not a 

 compact assemblage of houses, but scattered dwellings along a water- 

 course, with the intervening spaces usually under cultivation. In some 

 instances, however, a cluster of houses might be found at such points 

 as afforded more than the ordinary riparian advantages, but usually 

 the dwellings were comparatively isolated. Again, the establishment 

 of temporary hunting and fishing stations is to be taken into consid- 

 eration. An examination of any cultivated field that lies along the 

 Potomac or Anacostia will furnish more or less evidence of temporary 

 occupation. The difference between these places and village sites is 

 readily discernible in the character of the remains, as well as in the 

 quantity. The former show flakes, and chips of stone, with here and 

 there an implement of the knife and arrowhead type, while the latter, 

 with its ever-present pottery, seems to have left its mark on every 

 stone in the field. The wreck of an old village can never be mistaken 

 for the camp-ground of a single season. 



In addition to the implements found in the vicinity of villages and 

 hunting camps, the occasional arrowhead lost in the chase, and the 

 greater number spent in battle, should not be overlooked. 



After an engagement with the Mannahocks, it is related by Capt. 

 John Smith that " wo contented Mosoo (a friendly Moraughtacund) in 



