^'%a"'] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 245 



yiidiii,^ into tlic cavity hetwcon the iiiiteal (vomer) and proscthiiioid; 

 pharyngeals partially developed, the hypoi^haryngeals broadly tri- 

 aniiular and separate; the epipharyugeals well developed on each 

 side; niyodome nndeveloped, the cranial cavity mostly closed in front by 

 extension from the snbtectals (orbitosphenoids) and from the prootics 

 and parasphejioid which are suturally connected with each other; the 

 prosethmoid and anteal entirely disconnected, leaving a capacious 

 rostral chamber opening backward mesially in the interorbital region; 

 vertebra? much compressed, with special spiniform processes extending 

 from the dorsolateral and ventrolateral surfaces of the centra; ribs 

 directly articulated with the centra ; scapular arch abnormally devel- 

 oped ; proscapula with lateral expansions extending inwards ; hyper- 

 coracoid small; hypocoracoid eidarged, uniting by large surface with 

 the hypercoracoid and proscapula, and with a long i:»rocess extend- 

 ding down towards the syujphysis, leaving a wide interv^al between it an 

 Ihe proscapula; actinosts graduated and mostly connected with the 

 hypercoracoid. 



DACTYLOPTERIDyE. 



Syvoni/nni as family names. 



< Dactipli Eafinesque, Indico cV Ittiol. Siciliana, p. 28, 1810. 



= Dactylopteridie or Cephalacanthidiu Gill, Standard Nat. Hist., v. 4. p. gi^S, 1S85. 

 = Cephalacanthidie Jordan, Man. Vert. North. U. S., 5 ed., p. 151, 1888. 



< DactyIopterida3 Lydekker, Man. Pal., by Nicholson and Lydekker, v. 2, p. lOOf., 1889. 

 = DactylopteridiB Cope, Am. Nat. , v. 23, p. 8G1 (name only), 1890 



Trigloidei geu. Bleeker. 

 TriglidiD 8. f. Kanp et al. 

 Cataphracti gen. Giinfkcr et al. 



Synoni/ms as s uhfamily names. 



= Dactylopterinc-e GiU, Cat. Fishos, E. Coast N. Am., p. 43, ISfil. 

 = Dactylopterinaj Kanp, Aichiv. f. Natnvg., 1873, 1, pp. 79, 84. 

 > Cephalacanthina3 Kaup, Archi v. f. Naturg., 1873, 1, pp. 79, 84. 

 = Dactylopterinse Jordan .f- Gilbert, Syu. Fishes N. Am., p. 732, 1882. 



Description. 



Body elongated and antrorsiform or slightly subfusiform, widening 

 towards the head. 



Anus submedian. 



Scales hard, crenulated at their margins and enlarged at each of the 

 angles of the base; those of the back and sides surmounted each by a 

 longitudinal finely crenulated crest, the crests being very regularly dis- 

 posed and so joined as toformtrenchantridges which extend in a straight 

 line the length of the fish, and of which the median lateral extend as 

 far as the caudal. (0. V.). 



Head parallelopiped, oblong, incased with a bony casque, whose upper 

 surface is derived partly from a dermal ossification which is incongruous 



