374 THE RELATIONS OF CYCLOPTEROIDEA GILL. 



I. 



Liparis was not given as a generic name by Artedi. That naturalist, 

 after having referred the descriptions and figures of most fishes given 

 by his i)redecessors to such species and genera as he supposed them to 

 belong to, noticed in an appendix to his " Synouymia nominum " a 

 number of fishes which he was unable to allocate. Such notices he 

 assembled under names which had been given as specific. Among 

 tliose undeterminable fishes was the one called Liparis by authors. 

 The various notices were thus brought together. 



" LIPARIS. 



" 1. Liparis. 



"a. Liparis nostras, Johnson, in append. Willugh., p. 17. 

 " Raj., p. 74. 

 " Forte sequentia synonymia hue pertineant. 

 "13. Liparis, Rondel, L 9, c. 8, p. 272. 

 "Gesner, p. 483. 

 '•Aldrov.,1. 3, c. 11, p. 296. 

 " Jonston, 1. I, tit. 1, e. 2, 3, t. 1, f. 7. 

 "Willugh., p. 135. 

 " Raj., p. 74. 

 " Anglis Eboracensibus & Dunelineusibus The sea-snail." 



It is thus evident that Artedi did not use Liparis as a generic name. 

 Furthermore, he was not a binomial writer. 



The name Liparis was not used as a generic designation by Linua?us, 

 and that naturalist referred the species so called to the genus Cyclop- 

 terus as (7. liparis. 



By other writers, Liparis has- been accredited as a generic name to 

 Cuvier, who took it up in the first edition of his " Regne Animal " (1817). 



Before 1817, however (in 1810), the name Liparis had been used as 

 a generic term by Ochsenheimer for a genus of lepidopterous insects. 

 Therefore its use would have been precluded in ichthyology, had it not 

 been given to the fish genus before. 



II. 



Cyclogaster was proposed as a generic name for the same fishes by 

 Gronovius in 1763. Girard, in 1858, without giving any reasons for his 

 course, but possibly having become cognizant of the facts about Artedi's 

 status, used the name Cyclogaster in place of the generally adopted Li- 

 paris. 



Gronovius, however, was not a binomial author, and before Cyclogaster 

 was taken up by Girard, the name had been twice used by other bino- 

 mial authors, viz, by Macquart for a genus of Dipters in 1834, and by 

 Westwood for a genus of Hemipters in 1837. 



