''^'o'"'] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 529 



frequenting the skirts of the woods (Nash). Carberry : Common sum- 

 mer resident in wooded localiti* s near here; Duck Mountain, observed 

 breeding (Thompson). L>randon Hills: Nesting, June 4, 1882 (Wood). 

 Shot one flue specimen at Livingston, September 13, 1881 (Macoun). 

 Shell River: 1885, first seen, one, male, on April 5, afterward seen every 

 day; is a common summer resident, and breeds here (Calcutt). 



liy June 10, 1884, the Eed tailed Hawk was an abundant species in 

 the Duck Mountain wooded region, much more so than the Swainson 

 Hawk, which is the prevailing species on the prairie region of southern 

 Manitoba. June 18, at Duck Mountain, shot a Red-tailed Hawk, female; 

 length 20, extension 48. It seems to me to be the eastern bird, and 

 not at all approaching krideri. On July 9, as I drove with Dr. Gilbert 

 past a i>art of the plain on which were a few scrub oaks, I saw a Red- 

 tail perched on a post. As we drew near he flew, but dropped a small 

 animal; but before he could secure it he was attacked by another Red- 

 tail, and for some time their brilliant tourney in the air was an inter- 

 esting sight. Again and again the uppermost biid would charge 

 swiftly' on the other, which would thereat alight on the earth and so 

 avoid the onslaught, or if too high for that means of escape would, 

 with a graceful sweep, turn on his back and strike upwards with his 

 heavy feet. The combat was ended at last by the weaker taking refuge 

 in an oak. In the meantime I had stepped in and secured the booty 

 which caused the strife. It was a very fine specimen of the Scrub 

 Gopher {Spermophilus franJcUni), a rare animal; so it was thankfully 

 received as an addition to my collection. 



This species seems to be the complement of Swainson's Hawk in 

 Manitoba, adhering lo the forest regions, while the latter is found only 

 in the more open places. The difierences of habit presented by these 

 two species are slight but quite appreciable, and are of a class that, 

 taken as a whole, incline me to lay down a law that no two species of 

 animal have the same exact environment, aside from the hypothetical 

 fact that no animal fulfilling exactly the same conditions would 

 necessarily be of the same species. I find that each species, as it is 

 further studied, shows that it is adapted to a set of conditions slightly 

 different from those of its nearest congeners. 



110. Buteo lineatus. Red shouldered Hawk. 



Rather common in the eastern or wooded i)art of the province (R. 

 H. Hunter). One fine specimen shot on Oak Hills, November 3, 1881 

 (Macoun). 



111. Buteo s-waiiisoni. Swainson's Hawk. Common Henhawk, 



Very abundant summer resident in the prairie region. Very abun- 

 dant 50 miles west of Pembina Mountains, at Turtle Mountain, and at 

 Mouse River, along the boundary (Ooues). Oak Point: 1884; arrived 

 April 12 (Small). Winnipeg: Summer resident; abundant (Hine). Port- 

 Proc. N. M. 1)0 34 



