6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 120 
Species which appear to be endemic to this area include C. foliaceus, 
C. oswaldoi, and C. maxi, which extends through the central plateau to 
northern Argentina. Lane’s center 5 (the Tupi area) is represented 
by four endemic species: C. carcinoxenus, C. lygrus, C. renatoi, and 
OC. acharistus; however, each of these species is known only from the 
type locality. This limited distribution is probably a reflection of the 
close proximity of this area to culicidologists working at the University 
of Sao Paulo. The Central Plateau area (or Lane’s center 3) exhibits 
two endemic species, C. mauesensis and C. airozai, which are also 
known only from their type localities. Again, this does not necessarily 
represent a recognizable center of endemism. 
Several species of Neotropical Culex (Culex) have rather broad areas 
of distribution which are worthy of consideration. Culex chidesterr 
extends from Mexico southward to northern Argentina, being re- 
stricted to the western half of the continent. Interestingly enough, 
this species has been found on the island of Jamaica but has not been 
reported from any of the other Caribbean islands. C. corniger is 
distributed from Mexico throughout the northern half of South Amer- 
ica and southward to Argentina on the east coast. It is also found 
throughout the Caribbean. C. mollis extends from Mexico south to 
northern Argentina and is apparently a common species. In the 
Caribbean, however, it has only been reported from the island of 
Trinidad which typically exhibits a continental fauna. C. abnormalis 
and C. saltanensis seem to be restricted to a central, north-south band 
on the South American continent. With the exception of Central 
America and the Caribbean islands, C. surinamensis is distributed 
throughout the American Mediterranean area and extends into the 
central plateau. C. declarator ranges from southern Texas throughout 
the American Mediterranean, but is limited in the Caribbean to the 
Lesser Antilles. It also extends eastward to the state of Pernambuco, 
Brazil. A very closely related species, C. bidens, is more southern in 
distribution ranging from central Argentina northward through the 
east coast and central plateau areas and extending into Venezuela. It 
has not been reported from the west coast of South America and is 
also generally absent from the American Mediterranean. Martinez 
Palacios (1952) did report this species from six southern and central 
states of Mexico. The C. coronator complex of species presents an 
interesting distributional pattern, which will be discussed in detail 
under the various species. In general, however, C. coronator and 
C’. usquatus extend from Texas southward to northern Argentina, but 
are absent from the west coast of South America and the Caribbean 
islands. C. usquatissimus, C. ousqua, C. camposi, and C. covagarciat 
are distributed in varying degrees within the American Mediterranean. 
These patterns, then, do not indicate distinct centers of endemism 
