NO. 3558 MALLOPHAGA—ELBEL 3 
of specimens in the BMNH, in the Meinertzhagen, in the Piaget, 
and in the G. H. E. Hopkins (GHEH) collections, the latter from the 
Zoological Museum, Tring, Hertfordshire, England, for obtaining 
from Dr. Eichler and Dr. von Kéler the loan of specimens in the 
Zoological Museum, Humboldt University, Berlin, and from Dr. 
Joio Tendeiro (JT) the loan of specimens in the Centro de Zoologia, 
Lisboa, Portugal; to Dr. Eric Kjellander for the loan of specimens 
in the Swedish Museum of Natural History (SMNH); to Dr. Rupert 
L. Wenzel for the loan of specimens in the Chicago Natural History 
Museum (CNHM); to Dr. K. C. Emerson and Mr. C. F. W. Muese- 
beck for the loan of specimens in the U.S. National Museum (USNM), 
and for mounting mallophagan dried material obtained from that 
museum. Special thanks are extended to the Chicago Natural His- 
tory Museum, the Michigan University Museum of Zoology (MMZ), 
the U.S. National Museum, and Dr. Boonsong Lekagul (BL), Bangkok, 
Thialand, for permission to examine their collections of hornbill skins 
for Mallophaga; to Dr. Boonsong Lekagul, Mr. H. G. Deignan, Mr. 
Kitti Thonglongya of Seato Medical Research Laboratory (SMRL), 
Bangkok, Thailand, Mr. Wanit Songprakob and Mr. Wichit Suwan 
Laong, both of Songkhla, Thailand, for help in collecting mallophagan 
fresh material from Thailand; to Dr. Alfred F. Naylor, formerly of 
Oklahoma University, for help in statistical comparisons of louse 
populations on the hosts, Bucerophagus productus and B. africanus; 
to the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM), Honolulu, Hawaii, and 
the Prirodoslovni Musej Slovenije (PMS), Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, for 
the loan of specimens; and to my wife, Lyda (LE), for help in prepara- 
tion of the manuscript and in various phases of the study. 
Explanation of Terms 
The terminology used in this paper agrees with that of Clay (1947) 
except as noted below. 
“Combs of setae” are rows of short, stout setae, each with the 
alveoli lying close together and approximately in a straight line, on 
the venter of the third femora and the posterolateral areas of one 
or more abdominal sternites (figs. 64, 65). 
“Brushes of setae” are concentrations of setae on the venter of the 
third femora and the posterolateral areas of one or more abdominal 
sternites. These may take the form of a few widely spaced setae 
called “‘small scattered brushes” (figs. 23, 24) or a large number of 
closely set setae called “large thick brushes” (figs. 68, 69). The 
setae of the brushes are “normal” if approximately the same length 
and thickness as the surrounding setae or ‘‘small” if the majority 
are considerably smaller than the surrounding setae. 
