38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 120 
mirabilis group: L. mirabilis Fleminger, wilsont Fleminger and Tan (southern 
Florida, Bahama Islands). 
Superspecies detruncata (mostly tropical, neritic or island forms of Indo-Pacific): 
L. detruncata (Dana) (Indo-Pacific, oceanic), orsinii Giesbrecht, gangetica 
Sewell, cervi Kramer, caudata Nicolls, bataviae Scott, madurae Scott, pavo 
Giesbrecht, species Farran (1936) (Indo-Pacific, neritic-island forms), nerii 
Kroyer (Atlantic, oceanic). 
Superspecies darwinii (predominantly neritic): 
trispinosa group: L. trispinosa Esterly, johnsoni Fleminger, lwbbockiit Giesbrecht 
(western American coast). 
ungrouped species: L. darwinit Lubbock (southeastern South America), 
jluviatilus Dahl (eastern South and Central America), aestiva Wheeler 
(eastern North America), species (in preparation, subtropical-tropical 
America), scott? Giesbrecht (west Africa), brwnescens Czerniavski (Mediter- 
ranean, west Africa), acutifrons (Dana) (subtropical panoceanic). 
Superspecies kroyert (predominantly neritic, Indo-Pacific): LZ. kroyert (Brady), 
pectinata Thompson and Scott, bipinnata Tanaka, japonica Mori, minuta 
Giesbrecht, bengalensis Krishnaswamy, rotunda Mori, species Dakin and 
Colefax (1940). 
Unassigned species (predominantly neritic): Z. glawca Smith (Philippines), 
laevidentata (Brady) (Indo-Pacific), ewchaeta Giesbrecht (Indo-Pacific), wolla- 
stont (Lubbock) (western European coast, Mediterranean), acuta (Dana) 
(Indo-Pacific). 
Species based on immature stages, or otherwise doubtful: LZ. simplex (Dana), 
crispata (Dana), exigua (Dana), frivola (Dana), media (Dana), hebes (Dana), 
inermis Brady, chubbi Brady, agilis (Dana). 
Relationships Within the jollae Group 
The jollae group is geographically isolated from the mirabilis group 
as well as from other head-hooked species of the genus. As shown 
above, the group is indigenous to coastal waters of western North 
America. The three species of the group succeed each other geo- 
eraphically, each occupying a biogeographically distinct portion of 
the coastline from California to Mexico. J. jollae is found in tem- 
perate waters off California and northern Baja California. JL. 
diandra occurs in the subtropical waters of southern Baja California 
and further south along the Mexican mainland. UL. kolpos is isolated 
in the upper half of the Gulf of California where conditions are often 
unusually warm but must be regarded as temperate for year-round 
residents (Hubbs, 1948; Roden, 1958, 1964; Roden and Groves, 1959) ; 
hence, the two temperate species are allopatric, but, independently, 
the range of each extends south to the northern limits of diandra. 
Considering range relationships, character differences (Schoener, 
1965) in TL (fig. 16) and PUR (fig. 17) deserve closer examination. 
Turning first to the allopatric pair, jollae and kolpos, TL and PUR 
values are remarkably similar. In the male sex, jollae exceeds kolpos 
in TL by about 7 percent (difference between means, Student ¢ test, 
