﻿SIPUNCULID WORMS OF CALIFORNIA — ^FISHER 389 



Phascolosomum Diesing (1851) is obviously an emended spelling. 

 In addition to granulatum he included species of Golfingia {vulgaris, 

 eremita) and of Phascolion (strombi). As noted in the synonymy, 

 Petalostoma and Homalosoma Keferstein (1865b) and Stephanostoma 

 Danielssen and Koren (1880) are preoccupied and hence are not 

 available. The only tenable name seems to be Lankester's Golfingia, 

 commemorating a holiday with Professor Macintosh at St. Andrews. 

 The type, G. macintoshii, according to Dr. A. C. Stephen, is an ex- 

 ample of G. vulgaris (de Blainville). 



Dr. J. H. Gerould (in litt.) deplores the shift of the name Phas- 

 colosoma to the genus heretofore known as Physcosoma. He be- 

 lieves that Leuckart's brief diagnosis was intended to include smooth- 

 skinned forms that would now be classified as Golfingia. This is the 

 view entertained by Keferstein, who did not recognize the value of 

 the fundamental difference in the head region that separates the two 

 genera. It is axiomatic that the identity of a genus is fixed by the 

 tj^pe species, and that the type may not be shifted later at the whim 

 of a reviser. This transfer of types is the error that Quatrefages 

 committed. All writers, including Gerould (1913), seem to have 

 ignored the discrepancy that the type of Phascolosoma was currently 

 in the younger genus Physcosoma. 



This genus contains so many species that no apology is offered 

 for the creation of subgenera. The lists of species under Golfingia, 

 sensu stricto, and Phascoloides are not complete. 



KEY TO SPECIES OF GOLFINGIA HEREIN DESCRIBED 



o'. Introvert very slender and more than five times length of trunk; retractors 

 4, united into a single column for most of their length; minute hooks 

 on introvert; intestinal coil anchored posteriorly; small animals usually 

 in association with Mesochaetopterus and Cerianthus. 



hespera (Chamberlin) (p. 393) 

 o'. Introvert not exceedingly long, seldom attaining three times length of 

 trunk; sometimes less than trunk length; retractor muscles separated to 

 head; intestinal coil not anchored posteriorly. 

 b^. Four retractors; introvert less than half total body length. 



c*. Spinelets on anterior part of introvert; skin rough, dark brownish. 



vulgaris (de Blainville) * 



c*. No spinelets or hooks on introvert; skin smooth, pale yellowish, or gray, 



translucent-- raargaritacea calif omiensis, new subspecies (p. 392) 



6^. Two retractor muscles; no Polian villi on contractile vessel; nephridia 



opening on same level as anus; retractors arising near middle of trunk. 



c*. Introvert about one-third total length armed with nearly straight brown 



spinelets; no fixing muscles; contractile vessel rudimentary; related to 



G. abyssorum laetmophila, new species (p. 397) 



c^. No spinelets or hooks on introvert. 



d}. Retractors weak; one fixing muscle; contractile vessel rudimentary. 



eremita califomica, new subspecies (p. 396) 



• This species has not been taken in California waters. 1 have one specimen dredged near Friday Harbor, 

 Wash., 25 to CO fathoms, by Mrs. Ida Oldroyd, July 1917. 



