﻿SIPUNCULID WORMS OF CALIFORNIA — FISHER 391 



GOLFINGU MARGARITACEA (Sars) 



Plate 23, Figure 3 



Sipunculus rnargaritaceus Sars, 1851, p. 196. 



Phascolosoma manjarilaceum Koren and Danielssen, 1877, Heft 3, p. 135, pi. 15, 

 figs. 43, 44.— Selenka, 1883, p. 25, pi. 4, fig. 37.— Th6el, 1905, p. 63, pi. 3, 

 figs. 29-33; pi. 4, figs. 34, 37; pi. 12, fig. 174; pi. 14, figs. 192-196; 1911, p. 26, 

 pi. 2, fig. 20; pi. 5, figs. 67, 68. — Gerould, 1913, p. 382.— Wesenberg-Lund, 

 1930, p. 25, pi. 3, figs. 33-36, 44; pi. 5, fig. 51; 1932, p. 5, fig. 3.— Stephen, 

 1941, p. 251, pi. 8, figs. 3, 4.— Sat6, 1934, p. 5, figs. 5, 6, pi. 1, fig. 3. 



Remarks. — This species has a bipolar distribution. In the Arctic 

 't is circumpolar, ranging south in the Atlantic to south of Newport, 

 705 fathoms, and to Fayal Island, Azores (forma meridionalis (Ger- 

 ould)). Forma siberica (Theel) occurs north of Asia and at Bering 

 Strait, whence the species reaches Japanese waters (Sato, 1934, as 

 var. antarctica (Michaelson)). On the American side the species was 

 taken by the Harrirnan Alaska Expedition at Dutch Harbor, Un- 

 alaska, at the Shumagin Islands, at Kodiak Island, Kilisnoo, and 

 Sitka. It has been dredged off Point Barrow by Prof, G. E. Mac 

 Ginitie, from 152 to 741 feet. E. F. Ricketts has collected it at 

 Sitka and at Rat Island, British Columbia, and it occurs at Friday 

 Harbor, Wash. 



The distribution in the Southern Hemisphere is summarized by 

 Stephen (1941) as follows: Off Patagonia, Falkland Islands, South 

 Georgia, Tierra del Fuego, Graham Region, Cape Andare, Port Char- 

 cot, Commonwealth Bay, Ross Sea. Theel (1911) made a critical 

 study of material dredged by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition and 

 was unable to establish any constant distinctions between Arctic and 

 Antarctic specimens. 



The synonymy of the species in its widest sense may be followed 

 m Th4el (1905, 1911); Wesenberg-Limd (1930); Stephen (1941). 



The specimens from Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington 

 seem to constitute a slight race, or form, difl'ermg from the typical. 

 But if Golfingia hanseni and G. trybomi are to be considered as forms 

 of margaritacea, it is best to refrain from adding another name 

 to the list. This Alaskan form lacks the reticulated pigment at the 

 end of the body reported by Sato as occurring in Japanese specimens. 

 The papillae are less prominent, and the fixing muscle attached to 

 rectum near anus (shown also by Th^el, 1905, fig. 174) does not occur. 

 In the Alaska specimens there are three to five fixing muscles. The 

 typical number is four, which have a fau-ly constant pattern of attach- 

 ment, although one may sometimes be missing or an extra one added 

 (see pi. 23, fig. 3, and explanation.) 



The small California form, however, cannot be lumped wnth the 

 Alaska specimens. For typical margaritacea see Th^el, 1905 and 

 1911, especially the beautiful figures draAvn by G. Liljevall. 



