﻿SIPUNCULID WORMS OF CALIFORNIA — FISHER 423 



ventral to the circle. The oral disk, including the tentacles, is sur- 

 rounded by a cephalic collar, while a short distance posterior to this is 

 a thin flange of tissue forming a second, or cervical, collar. 



It is unfortunate that the name Physcomma long used for this genus 

 is untenable, since it is preoccupied by Phascolosoma. This name dates 

 from F. S. Leuckart, 1828, page 22. The type and only species 

 mentioned by Leuckart is Phascolosoma granulaivm Leuckart, type 

 locality Cette, France. This is the species called Physcosoma granu- 

 latum. In Selenka's monograph (1883, p. 79) it appears as Phymosoma 

 granulatum, the first citation of the synonymy reading: "Phascolosoma 

 granulatum- F. S. Leuckardt, Breves animal, descript. Heidelberg, 

 1828. 4. p. 22, Fig. 5." The confusion started with Quatrefages (1866), 

 who divided Sipunculus into live subgenera: Sipunculus, Phascolo- 

 somum Diesing, Phymosomum, Aedematosomum, Cryptosomum. Die- 

 sing's (1851) Phascolosomum, an emended spelling of Leuckart's 

 name, included species of Physcosoma, Phascolosoma, and Phascolion 

 as used by Selenka and subsequent authors and was thus an expansion 

 of Leuckart's genus. This enlarged Phascolosoma was employed by 

 Keferstem, 1862, 1865, 1866, 1867, Baird, 1868, Grube 1859, and 

 others. Obviously Quatrefages's blunder consisted in placing the 

 type (Phascolosoma granulatum) in his subgenus Phymosomum instead 

 of where it belonged. Quatrefages used Phascolosomum for the group 

 which includes Phascolosoma imlgare. Apparently no one was satisfied 

 with original spellings; Selenka and de Man (1883) changed Phymo- 

 somum to Phymosoma and adopted Quatrefages' genus, with additional 

 new species. Phascolosomum. (Diesing) Quatrefages became Phas- 

 colosoma F. S. Leuckart (Selenka and de Man) with a new type, 

 Phascolosoma milgare, and more new species. Phymosoma, being 

 preoccupied, was changed bj'- Selenka (1897) to Physcosoma and 

 adopted by authors. Phymosomum Quatrefages, Phymosoma Selenka 

 and de Man, Physcosoma Selenka, Prophymosoma Lambert, and 

 Physconosoma Bather are synomyms of Phascolosoma Leuckart. 



KEY TO SPKCIES OF PHASCOLOSOMA HEREIN DESCRIBED 



a'. Rings of tiny hooks present on anterior part of introvert; tentacles short, 

 digitiform, 24 or less; introvert more than half length of trunk. 

 bK Introvert with numerous prominent dorsal, conical, sharp papillae or 

 tubercles, sometimes directed posteriorly. 



dentigerum (Selenka and de Man) (p. 432) 

 6'-. Papillae on dorsum of introvert not conspicuously enlarged, 

 c'. Clear streak of hooks with conspicuous expansion, and merged below 

 with the triangular clear space; platelets of papillae beyond the 



crowded central zone, fewer and spaced puntarenae Grube (p. 430) 



c*. Clear streak of hooks with an inconspicuous expanded portion, or none, 

 and not merged with triangular clear space; platelets of papillae more 

 numerous and more crowded in outer zone. 



agassizii Keferstein (p. 424) 



