﻿REVISION OF GENUS HARENGULA — RIVAS 285 



Another character serving to separate H. humeralis and //. callolejns 

 from the rest of the Atlantic species is the pigmentation at the tip of 

 the dorsal fin, which is always blackish regardless of the preservative 

 used, whereas in the other forms from the Atlantic it is very lightly 

 or not at all pigmented. 



Harengula humeralis and H. callolepis are the largest of the American 

 forms and are reported to grow up to 8 inches (about 200 mm.) in total 

 length. The largest specimen of H. humeralis (U.S.N.M. No. 116873) 

 examined was 160 mm. long, collected along with others by W. H. 

 Longley at Tortugas, Fla. The usual length of the species is 82 to 

 106 mm. 



Harengula humeralis, a fairly abundant species, is used as bait as well 

 as food, although it has been reported as slightly poisonous by some 

 authors (Poey, 1866a, p. 16). 



The geographical range of Harengula humeralis comprises the Florida 

 Keys, Bahamas, West Indies, and the Atlantic (Caribbean) coast of 

 Central and South America, from Yucatan to Venezuela. It is pos- 

 sible that this species occurs along the coasts of the Guianas and 

 northern Brazil, but no definite record is known. The specimens 

 doubtfully recorded from Natal, Brazil, by Starks (1913, p. 8) as 

 Sardinella sardina might be Harengula pensacolae majorina, but I 

 have not seen the specimens. In addition, 49 lots with 267 specimens 

 were examined. 



2. HARENGULA CALLOLEPIS Goode 



Pilchard 



Figure 38 



Harengula macrophlhalma (not Clupea macrophthalma Ranzani, 1842, p. 320), 



Goode, 1876, pp. 10 (use as bait), 13 (species of Bermudas and West Indies), 



69 (common name; synonymy excluded; occurrence; range in part; abundance; 



length; Bermudas); 1877, p. 6 (common name; Bermuda). — Barbour, 1905, 



p. 112 (common name; distribution excluded; fin rays; scales; material; 



method of capture; abundance; occurrence; Bermuda). 

 Harengula callolepis Goode, in Goode and Bean, 1879, p. 152 (original description; 



comparisons; Bermudas). — Storey, 1938, pp. 4 (remarks), 41 (nomencla- 



torial notes). 

 Clupea callolepis, Jordan, 1887b, p. 561 Bermuda). 

 Sardinella humeralis (not Harengula humeralis Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847, p. 



293), T. H. Bean, 1906, p. 34 (common name; material; Bermuda). 

 Sardinella macrophthalmus (not Clupea macrophthalma Ranzani, 1842, p. 320), 



T. H. Bean, 1906, p. 34 (common name; material; Bermuda). 

 Harengula maculosa (not of Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847, p. 292), Fowler, 



1930a, p. 145 (material; size; Bermuda). 

 Harengula sardina (not of Poey, 1860, p. 310), Beebe and Tee- Van, 1933, p. 



35 (common name; field character.s; diagnosis in part; distribution in part; 



Bermuda), fig. (drawing). 

 Harengulasp. Hollister, 1936, pp. 282-284 (caudal skeleton, material; Bermuda). 



