﻿292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. lOO 



length of the head and is much greater than the least depth of the 

 caudal peduncle, whereas in normal specimens of H. clupeola it is 

 always less. The remaining lot (B.O.C. No. 2550) is H. pensacolae 

 pensacolae. 



As already pointed out by Longley (in Longley and Hildebrand, 

 1941, p. 11), H. clupeola shows a difference in the depth of the body 

 according to sex, the females, especially the ripe ones, being deeper 

 than the m.ales. In medium-sized and smaller specimens this 

 difference is much less or not at all noticeable. 



Although tliis species attains a farily large size, large individuals are 

 not often collected. The usual length is 70 to 85 mm. The largest 

 specimen examined (U.S.N.M. No. 116872, specimen No. 25) meas- 

 ures 149 mm., in length and was collected by W. H. Longley at Tortu- 

 gas, Fla., along with several others of large size. 



Harengula clupeola is abundant throughout the West Indies, where 

 it is of comm.ercial value as food and as bait for snappers and groupers. 

 Large quantities are caught for bait with seines and cast nets in 

 estuaries and in bays. The medium-sized and small specimens are 

 best suited for bait. Comm_ercial and amateur fishermen congregate 

 at the two bridges near the mouth of Rio Almendares, Habana, Cuba, 

 during the proper season, in order to catch this fish, using a short pole 

 and a tiny hook baited with shrimp. 



This is the most widely distributed of the American forms and has 

 almost the same range as Harengula humeralis. It is known from 

 the Florida Keys, Bahamas, West Indies, and Atlantic coast of Central 

 and South America, from Yucatdn to Brazil. The occurrence of 

 H. clupeola in northern Brazil was established by a specimen (U.S.N.M. 

 No. 118470) 44 mm. in length, collected by R. von Ihering, in Recife 

 (Pernambuco) . This species has been recorded from Bermuda as 

 H. macrophthalmus by Beebe and Tee- Van (1933, p. 36), but this 

 record is not supported by specimens and needs confirmation. 



The material examined was in 29 lots with 198 specimens. 



6. HARENGULA PENSACOLAE MA JORINA Storey 



Saedina; Sardine; Sardina escamttda; Sardinha; Sprat 

 Plate 4, Figure 1 



Harengula humeralis (not Clupea humeralis Cuvier, 1829, p. 318), Cuvier and 

 Valenciennes, 1847, p. 293 (description; comments; localities in part: 

 Guadeloupe, Rio de Janeiro to the West Indies, Brazil, Bahia, Surinam). — 

 Castelnau, 1855, p. 56 (references in part; comments; Bahia, Brazil). — 

 Jordan, 1891, p. 314 (material; Bahia, Brazil). 



Clupea humeralis, GiJNTHER, 1868, p. 422 (synonymy and references in part; 

 description in part; range in part; material in part). — Jordan, 1887b, p. 561 

 (synonymy excluded; West Indies). 



