﻿VENEZUELAN ORNITHOLOGY — FRIEDMANN AND SMITH 501 



cated (Catalogue of the birds of the Americas, pt. 6, 1929, p. 220), 

 this is purely a matter of individual variation. 



The rufous-cheeked tityra occurs from the Guianas west across 

 Venezuela to the eastern base of the eastern Andes in Colombia, 



A flock of five of these birds was observed sitting quietly in the 

 tops of trees bordering a small field; one was collected. 



This bird was encountered in the deciduous seasonal woods-edge 

 habitat at both Cantaura and Caicara during the months of January 

 through April and in July, often in small flocks of less than 10 indi- 

 viduals. This species appeared to be a migrant, simply passing 

 through the study area. 



The call note was a soft rattle. 



Family PIPRIDAE: Manakins 



CHIROXIPHIA LANCEOLATA (Wagler) 



Pipra lanceolaia Waglek, Isis, 1830, p. 931 ("Guiana sive Cajenna," error). 



SPECIMENS COLLECTED 



1 cf , 1 9 , Caicara, December 17-20, 1945; gonads not enlarged; iris red- 

 brown; tarsi and toes of ? yellow-ochre. 



The lance-tailed manakin was found around the edges of wet 

 woods. It was common in the wet woods and forest edge around 

 Caicara in April, May, August, September, November, and Decem- 

 ber, and as many as 10 individuals were seen together feeding on 

 small berries, the fruit of a tree-climbing vine common in the area. 



The commonest call of this species was a clear whistled series of 

 notes, beginning with a querulous heni ?, a pause, and then a series 

 toro-toro-toro. The local name of the bird, "benitoro," is in imitation 

 of this call. 



Family TYRANNIDAE: Tyrant Flycatchers 



FLUVICOLA PICA PICA (Boddaert) 



Muscicapa pica Boddaert, Table des planches enlumin(5ez d'histoire naturelle, 

 1783, p. 42 (based on Daubenton, Planches enlumindes, pi. 675, fig. 1, 

 Cayenne). 



SPECIMEN COLLECTED 



1 cT, Cantaura, July 19, 1947; gonads slightly enlarged, building nest with 

 another individual when collected; iris brown; gizzard contained small insects. 



Though pica and albiventer are obviously very closely related and 

 are geographic representatives, the fact that the two forms appear 

 not to intergrade in their characters (long series of both seen) makes it 

 uncertain whether they are really conspecific as Hellmayr (Catalogue 

 of the birds of the Americas, pt. 5, 1927, pp. 81-83) and others have 

 considered them. 



This striking bird was recorded near Cantaura at ponds in the 

 deciduous seasonal woods edge and occasionally on the savanna during 



