350 RELATIOlSrSHTF OF TME GENUS ANNIELLA—BA UE. vol. xv.i. 



The stapes has a very large disc and a short colmnella; it is placed 

 between the paroccipital, petrosal, and basioccipital. 



The vomers are united in the median line, at about three-fourths of 

 their length ; posteriorly they diverge. In the middle they show a deep 

 groove, which is bordered on each side by a keel placed on each vomer. 

 Each vomer is pierced by a foramen. In front they are united with the 

 pra^maxillary, outside with the maxillaries, and behind with the pal- 

 atines. The maxillary processes are well developed and cover par- 

 tially the posterior nares. The palatines are separated in the middle 

 line; they are in connection with the vomers, maxillaries, ectopterygoids, 

 pterygoids, and i^refrontals. The pterygoids are completely separated 

 fi'om each other. They show three processes, one posterior one attached 

 to the inner side of the quadrate and extending a little behind its poste- 

 rior border. This process is deeply hollowed out at its lower and inner 

 side. Two processes are directed in front; the inner broad one is con- 

 nected with the palatines, the outer slender one with the ectopterygoids. 

 The foramen ectopterygoideum (suborbital e) is bound by pterygoid, 

 ectopterygoid, and lialatine.* Tlie quadrate is simple, hollowed out some- 

 what externally; it shows a distinct upper and posterior process, which 

 extends above the stapes to the paroccipital and supports the squa- 

 mosal. The epipterygoid, which was stated to be absent by all authors 

 in Annielln^ is present; it is a slender, short columellar ossicle, which 

 stands vertically on the pterygoid and nearly reaches the descending 

 process of the parietal. The mandible consists of 5 pieces, articular and 

 supra-angular being ossified. There are 7-8 teeth, which also show tlie 

 grooves. The hyoid system is very simple, and has been correctly 

 described by Prof. Cope. It consists of a single glosso-basihyal, which 

 is divided behind, and gives attachment to a very slender first hyo- 

 branchial ; more slender than figured by Cope. 



The vertehrw. — There are li presacral vertebrjc in two specimens 

 examined, by me; 73 in Prof. Cope's specimen. All of these bear ribs, 

 with exception of the two first ones. One specimen had even a cervical 

 rib on the second vertebra, bat only on one side. The seventy-fifth 

 vertebra has a simple sacral rib united with the centrum ; the seventy- 

 sixth vertebra has the sacral rib distally split, forming a lymphapo- 

 physis; the seventy-seventh is of the same form and shows the first 

 chevron, the lateral pieces being not united distally ; the seventy-eighth 

 shows only on the right side an indication of splitting at the distal end 

 of the transverse process; the chevrons are not united distally; the 

 seventy-ninth exhibits single caudal ribs, and the chevrons are united 

 distally. At the eighty-first vertebra the transverse splitting of the 

 centrum commences; the split is in the anterior portion of the centrum 

 and cuts oft a small anterior portion of the caudal rib. Cope errone- 

 ously states the caudal vertebrie are not segmented. I consider the 

 seventy-fifth and seventy-sixth vertebra as the true sacrals, to one of 

 which the rudimentary pelvic arch is attached by ligaments. The 



