574 THE BOX TORTOISES OF NORTH AMERICA— TAYLOR. vol xvii. 



Gistudo ornata, and Cistudo major, the first being Tesfudo Carolina of 

 Linnaeus, while the last three were recognized as new species. 



Strauch, in his Vertheikmg der Schildkroten, 1805, included all of 

 our American forms under Terrapcne carinata, Linujeus. 



Cope, in his Check-List of Notth American Batrachia and Eeptilia, 

 1875, recognizes Gistudo ckmsa, subspecies clavsa (Gmelin and Hol- 

 brook), G. clauf>a, subspecies triunguis, and G. ornata. He placed Testndo 

 Carolina of Liunneus under the genus Tcstudo. 



True, in Yarrow's Check-List of North America Eeptilia and Batra- 

 chia, 1883, recognizes Gistudo Carolina, G. Carolina triunguis, and G. 

 ornata. 



Boulenger, in his Catalogue of Chelonians in the British Museum, 

 1888, admits but two species, as follows: Gistudo Carolina, G. Carolina 

 var. liinosternoides, Gistudo Carolina var. major, G. Carolina var. mexicana, 

 and G. ornata. 



Baur, in the American ISTaturalist, 1893, after making a study of the 

 osteology of Terrapene, ado])ts the following species: Tcrrapene major, 

 T. Carolina, T. mexicana, T. triunguis, and T. ornata. 



By continuing the work of Dr. Baur, and adding to the collections 

 already nuide by him, I am able to confirm his observations, and, at the 

 same time, to add a new species. 



I recognize tlie following species: Terrapene major, T. hauri, T. Caro- 

 lina, T. mexicana, T. triunguis, and T. ornata. 



Not until within the last few years has the osteology of our forms 

 been carefully studied. Gray overlooked the rudimentary quadrato- 

 jugal in T. Carolina. Agassiz, in his characterization of the geuus, 

 speaks of the temporal arch as "either cartilaginous or only partially 

 ossified," forgetting the fact that T. major, described by him, possesses 

 a well-develoi)ed zygomatic arch. 



Boulenger gives the absence of a bony temporal arch as character- 

 istic for Terrapene. 



Briihl gives a figure of the skull of Terrapenc Carolina, but overlooked 

 the quadrato-jugal. 



Baur, in the Zoologischer Anzeiger for 1888, No. 290, first pointed out 

 the fact that T. Carolina possesses a rudimentary quadrato-jugal, con- 

 trary to the opinion held by Gray and others. Later, in Science, No. 120, 

 1891, he gave the osteological characters of Terrapene major, T. Caro- 

 lina, and T. ornata; and still later, in the American Naturalist, 1893, 

 the complete osteological characters and general descriptions of T. 

 major, T. Carolina, T. mexicana, T. triunguis, and T. ornata were given. 



The geographical distribution of Terrapene has never been com. 

 pletely worked out. Most authors have merely given a few localities 

 or the range of each species in a general way. 



Agassiz, in 1857, gives T, Carolina {Gistudo virginea) as the north 

 eastern type and erroneously states that it "has the most extensive 

 range " of the genus. He also mentions Terrapene {Gistudo) triunguis 



