54 TKANSAC TIONS OI KOVAL SCOTTISH ARIiOR ICUI.TURAI, SOCIKTV. 



do, but that they are doin<( it is shown by the fact that they have 

 no less than 800 officers engaged on working-plans. It was 

 stated above that the Government forests, which comprise the 

 greater part of the wooded area, were not being worked to their 

 full yield, and that the revenue in 1912 was some ^9,400,000 — 

 but the figures of the commerce in Russian wood are so large 

 that it would seem that the forests of other proprietors must be 

 being cut extremely hard, if the facts are correctly reported. 

 The figures sound incredible, but are given as follows. The 

 value of wood exports are upwards of ^'25,720,000, but this is 

 nothing to the internal consumption, which is said to be over 

 ;,£"48,ooo,ooo. England is the principal outside client, taking 

 40 per cent, of the exported material, while Germany takes 

 33 percent. (191 1). 



XV. We may see what useful results can be attained by a 

 Forestry Association, from the case of Denmark. The country 

 was originally well covered with forest, but in comparatively 

 modern times was so much deforested that 50 years ago there 

 were 1,821,625 acres of sandy waste or marsh — utterly unfertile, 

 peaty at the surface and impermeable below — apparently hopeless. 

 A certain Colonel Dalgas started a reclamation society in 1866, a 

 part of the work of which is afforestation. It has a journal and 

 nurseries for cheap plants, assists financially persons who under- 

 take reclamation, and — what is especially interesting — has 

 created a property of its own, to act as a field for experiment 

 and as a model. The State gives it an annual subvention, which 

 has grown year by year, till in 1 9 1 2 it amounted to 690,000 francs. 

 The property just mentioned is now 16,700 acres in extent, mostly 

 wooded. Thanks to the society the original 1,821,625 ^cres of 

 waste had in 1913 decreased to 691,600 acres. The climate has 

 been appreciably modified. The mean annual rainfall of Jutland 

 was 636 millimetres during the period 1878-1900, whereas for the 

 period 1901-1911 it was 685 millimetres. The society has 

 brought about the afforestation of 118,740 acres, for which 

 purpose (principally) the 2100 owners have received over 15 

 million plants. Such of the owners as submit their woods to the 

 treatment prescribed by the society, receive from Government, 

 through the society, a third part of the cost of planting. The 

 figure comes to 97,000 francs a year. The principal species 

 used are the silver fir, mountain pine and spruce. From which, 

 as in the case of Norway, mentioned in last year's Transactions, 



