SINODENDRON CYLINDRICUM, L. 5 1 



had broken across a foot or two from the base of the trunk. 

 This tree was also dead, and showed the fructifications of a 

 fungus projecting from it. Examination of the trunk 7 or 8 feet 

 up yielded, like the ash, young Sinodendron larvse, older larvre, 

 and beetles. This ash and elm with their decaying wood were 

 typical habitats for Sinodendton, which, in addition, has been 

 taken from oak, beech and willow. 



Sinodendron cylindricum. 



The adult beetle (see Fig. i) varies in length from one-third to 

 about half an inch ; colour black; shape elongated and rounded ; 

 head small and punctured having on its upper surface, in the case 

 of the male, a recurved horn which has yellow hairs adorning its 

 upper hind portion (use a lens), and in the female a smaller horn 

 or projection unadorned. The mandibles of the male Sinodendron 

 are not large and exposed as they are in its two relatives 

 Lucanus and Dorcus mentioned below. The thorax is shining 

 black and punctured, and is hollowed out in front ; on the front 

 edge at the top of the hollow (use a lens) are three teeth, more 

 pronounced in the male than in the female. The wing-covers 

 show longitudinal lines and rows of punctures, the punctures on 

 each side of the suture being smaller. 



The antennae, the palps of the mouth, and the tarsi of the legs 

 are vinous red in the quite fresh beetle, but become darker red. 



The Larva. — The larva is a typical Lamellicorn larva with a 

 brown head and well-marked gnawing mouth-parts ; the head 

 carries a pair of small antennae (use a lens) but no eyes. The 

 body is fleshy and curled, and in colour is dirty white or white- 

 yellow. A very marked difference between the Sinodendron 

 larva and the larva of the cockchafer is that while in the latter 

 the last segment of the abdomen is very large and swollen, in 

 Sinodendron the last segment is not swollen, but the hinder part 

 of the body is narrower than the front part; this is brought out 

 in Fig. \b. The thorax carries three pairs of legs, and these end 

 in a tube-like process seen, under a low power of the microscope, 

 to be armed at the apex with three spines, a smaller central one 

 and a longer one on each side. 



On the upper surface of the first segment behind the head 

 there is a yellow horny patch on each side of the middle line, 

 two similar but much smaller patches on the next ring, and still 

 smaller ones on the third ring. If the larva be laid on its back 



