GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 105 



of about 45^'. The effect of erosion here has been to so level these beds 

 that it is clifiQcult to trace the succession of the various layers. 



We made several excursions while at Golden City, one of which was 

 up Clear Creek Caiion, through which the Colorado Central Eailroad, 

 a narrow-gauge road, runs. When finished it will penetrate to the min- 

 ing-districts of Georgetown and Central City. When we visited it 

 the road-bed was graded some ten miles above Golden City. The creek 

 has cut its way through the hills in a tortuous course, leaving high 

 walls of gneiss and granite standing on either side. In the gneisses I 

 obtained garnets and magnetite. There has been some gold-mining 

 carried on in Clear Creek Canon, but I judge it was with but little profit. 

 At any rate, at the present time the diggings are abandoned. 



From the office of the Colorado Central Eailroad I obtained speci- 

 mens of ores from Central City, consisting mainly of gold quartz, 

 pyrites, and argentiferous galena. 



Having completed our work we left Golden City and started for Ogden, 

 Utah Territory, where we joined the main jiarty in camp on the Sth of 

 June. The Wasatch Range, at the foot of which the town of Ogden is 

 built, has a trend north and south. Its geological structure is beauti- 

 fully shown in the many caiions which cut deeply into it almost atright 

 angles to the trend. It is in these canons that the profitable mines of 

 Utah are situated. The caiions near Ogden are Ogden Canon and 

 Weber Canon. Through the latter the Union Pacific Eailroad finds its 

 way into the Great Salt Lake Basin. Between these two there are a 

 number of smaller caiions which cut the mountains onl^- partially. Two 

 of these, immediately back of our camp, are Taylor's Caiion and the 

 Waterfall Canon. lu the former there is a limekiln in operation. Here 

 also some miners claim to have discovered tin. Au examination of 

 specimens proves, however, the absence of any metal and showed the 

 specimen to consist almost entirely of hornblende. The Waterfall Caiion 

 is named from the occurrence in it of a fall some 300 feet in height. 

 The water falls over a ledge of white quartzite. Above it rises Mount 

 Bechler, whose height is 9,710 feet. The base of the mountains near 

 Ogden is for the most part a red syenite, whose specific gravity is about 

 2.0. This syenite passes into granite and gneiss. It contains, in places, 

 veins of hornblende, and the gneisses have veins of quartz with specu- 

 lar iron. Several of these veins have had openings made into them by 

 prospectors. The largest is just south of the Waterfall Caiion. It is 

 four feet in width and penetrates the rock to a depth of thirty feet hori- 

 zontally. The walls on either side are gneisses, stained with the green 

 carbonate of copper, (malachite.) Thegangue is quartz and serpentine. 

 Associated with thespecularirouor micaceous hematite are iron pyrites 

 and stainings of copper. The iron is in veins varying from the fraction 

 of an inch to two inches in thickness. On the nortli side of Ogden Caiion 

 I found another opening, much smaller, in chloritic schists, which, at 

 this point, lie just above the syenite. The gangue here was white 

 quartz, containing veins of micaceous hematite. The schists contained 

 numerous veins of quartz. Above the metamorphic rocks there are heavy 

 beds of quartzite, the lower bed of which is conglomerate, the siliceous 

 matrix containing pebbles of bright-red jasper. The quartzites have a 

 specific gravity of 2.0 and are mostly of white color, although in some 

 places they are pink and again dark brown, becoming highly ferruginous. 

 Above thequartzites are heavy beds of dark-blue magnesian limestonesof 

 Silurian age, above which are Carboniferous limestones. I was shown a 

 specimen of graphite from near North Ogden, a village six miles above 

 Ogden. At the upper end of Ogden Caiion galena is found associated 



