122 



GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



camp at the Hot Spriuajs, on Gaixlinei''s Eiver. Opposite the springs 

 tbeie is a high wall, which presents the edge of Cretaceous and Lower 

 Tertiary strata for a vertical distance of nearly 15,0U0 feet. The river 

 has cut its way through a sort of a monoclinal valley, resting on 

 either Carboniferous or Jurassic beds, while on the east side of the 

 river we have the Cretaceous beds 1 spoke of above. The lower layers 

 are very calcareous, and contain thin beds of limestone, from which I 

 obtained good sjiecimens of calcite and Iceland or double-refracting 

 spar. JS^ear the forks of the river, about half a mile above the springs, 

 we have ex])osure8 of lower beds, in which there are seams of earthy 

 lignite, associated with which I observed selenite, coating some of the 

 argillaceous sandstones. There is an exposure of this earthy lignite 

 some four miles farther down the river, a continuation probably of 

 the same beds. Near the top of the wall there are Tertiary beds inter- 

 calated with basalt. The topmost layer of the latter stretches away to 

 the east in a broad plateau, and on the edge the columnar form is 

 well shown. It probably once extended on both sides of the river, and 

 came from a point west of the springs. All the beds mentioned above 

 dip to the northeast at an angle which averages about 15°. The 

 limestones which dip under Gardiner's River extend under the Hot 

 Springs, and are probably the source of the lime observed in the waters 

 and deposits. The section shown in Fig. 30 will perhaps show more 

 clearly the relations of the various beds near the Ilot Springs. The 

 springs were so fully described in the report of last year (1S71) that I will 

 not take the room to describe them again, inasmuch as it would be a mere 

 repetition. We spent two days in camp there this year, during which 

 time I made a more complete record of the springs and their temjiera- 

 tures and noted the changes that have taken place since our last visit. 

 Since then there have been a numberof cabins and bath houses erected, 

 and notwithstanding the difiicnlties of reaching the springs there ^ere 

 about thirty persons there enjoying the benefits to be derived from 

 drinking and bathing in the waters. 



The top of the gorge in which the springs are situated is 1,285 feet 

 above the level of the river. I will commence with the springs at the 

 level of the river. These are seven in number, and remain about the 

 same as they were last year, with the exception that some of them have 

 been artificially enlarged. The temperatures here are lower than we 

 find higher up, and the springs are tilled with bright-green Confer- 

 voidea. The following table gives all the points of interest in regard 

 to these springs : 



Sprw(]fi at ihc level of the rim'. 



Time of observation, 8.30-8.40 a. ni., July 20, 1872. — There wa-s no perceptible gas given off. 



