GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TEERITORIES. 143 



are lined witli orange-colored deposit. Surrounding the spring, there is 

 a large amount of siliceous sinter, forming a mound, as is the case witli 

 the other springs of che group. The temperature of the water in the 

 spring is 102° F.; air, 040 ji\^ at 11.05 a. m. Near the spring there are 

 two small holes, iu vvhich the water is at 190o F. and 180° F. 



Kidney Spring. — This spring is very irregular in shape, and consists of 

 two arms that are almost at right angles to each other. The length one 

 way is 19 feet and the other 15 feet, the average width being about 6 feet. 

 The depth is about 1 foot. The spring is fringed with large scallops, 

 each one of which is made up of smaller scallops. There are three fissure- 

 like centers of ebullition in which the thermometer records 184° F., 190° 

 F., 184° F.; air at 64° F. at 11.10 a. m. The spring is 180 feet northwest 

 of the Oak Leaf. 



Cliff Spring. — This spring is 240 feet southeast of the spring last 

 describecl and 122 feet east of the Oak Leaf. It measures 4 feet by 

 8 feet and is 5 feet in depth. The deepest portion is at one end of the 

 spring, where there is a cavernous opening, overhung by a scalloped 

 edge. The water here is of a light-green color. At the other end there 

 is a rugged fissure, to which the edge of the spring slopes from the sur- 

 face, having the form in miniature of clitfs. These, above the water, 

 have a brown color and below a deep pur[>le. The temperature of the 

 water is from 192o F. to 195° F.; air, 04° F., at 11.45 a. m. The overflow 

 of water finds its way from the spring over an orange-colored bed. 



Jug Spring is 123 feet southeast of the C7//f and 150 feet east of the 

 Oali Leaf. It measures 4 feet by 5 feet and is 3 feet deep. Its tempera- 

 ture was 188° F.; air, 04° F., at 12.09 p. m. 



Stirrup Spring is 8 feet by 9 feet and 5 feet deep. There are two 

 holes in the bottom of this sj^ring from which the steam escapes, 

 and a fissure also, which makes the spring resemble the head of an old 

 woman with a cap on, the scalloped edge of the spring representing 

 the ruffles of the cap and the fissure the mouth, while the other 

 steam-vents represent the eyes. The temperature of the water was 188° 

 F.; air, 64° F., at 12.35 p. m. There are two small holes near this spring- 

 in which the thermometer records 182° F. 



Lone Spring. — This spring is some distance northeast of the other 

 springs of the group, and is on the side of a hill some 40 feet higher. 

 It is 4i feet in depth and measures 9 feet by 16 feet. Its temperature 

 at 8.30 a. m. was 186° F., the air being 62° F. 



The general elevation of the group just described is 7,1G2 feet above 

 sea-level, the boiling-point being about 199°.3 F. All the springs are 

 somewhat globular iu shape, widening below the surface, having over- 

 hanging edges, and narrowing below to fissures or tube-like orifices. 

 They all belong to the class of springs that are constantly agitated, 

 and, although this agitation is greater at some times than at others, I 

 doubt if any of the springs in the group ever project a column of water 

 into the air. 



The area of the lower geyser-basin is about thirty square miles, and 

 although it contains a far larger number of springs than the upper basin, 

 there are not so' many true geysers, and the water is not thrown as high 

 into the air as in the upper basin. The geysers of the lower basin that 

 have been seen to spout 30 feet or upwards are the "Great Fountain," 

 "The Fountain," the" Steady Geyser," "The Jet," and two small gey- 

 sers not named, which are a few yards below the Fountain. Having had 

 no time while in the lower basin to visit these geysers, I will here insert 

 the following excellent description, kindly furnished me by Mr. Holmes, 

 artist to the survey : 



