196 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



upper bar of the "Z" dips 10° and the lower one 11° to tbe east- 

 ward, while tbe conuectiug stroke has a dip of 49^ in tbe opposite di- 

 rection. The angles are very sharp, and the rocks, correspondingly, 

 so mnch broken that they have yielded readily to water-action on 

 the sonth side of the caiiou, known as Walker's Canon, which gives 

 passage to a large stream supplied by the melting snows of the great 

 hollows on the northeast side of Ogden Peak. Small cold springs, 

 depositing calcareous tufa, were noticed along the rocky sides of this 

 caBon. At Dr. Cannon's, half way down Ogden CaHon, a strong sulphur 

 spring flows from tbe second quartzite on tbe north side of the river. 

 The foot-bridge, which generally makes this accessible, had recently been 

 washed away, and this stream was not fordable at the time of our visit, 

 so that we could not measure its temperature. The water was said to 

 be warm but drinkable. The escape of gas was strong enough to be 

 noticeable as wo passed along the road on the opposite side of the stream. 

 Near the mouth of the caiiou tl'ere are two small clusters of hot springs, 

 both of which are saline and ferruginous. The upper cluster, just below 

 the lower bridge, and within the mouth of the caiion, flow from the gran- 

 ites, make but little deposit, and have a temperature of 130°. The lower 

 ones, just outside the mouth of the canon, have formed a coi^siderable 

 mound of calcareous tufa, and, for that reason, are supposed to come up 

 through the lower limestones, one of the folds of which should be in place 

 beneath tbe terrace about at this point. The thermometer used here 

 was too short, and- simply indicated a temperature of 125° or higher. 



The lower part of the canon through all its length, but especially near 

 its mouth, is more or less lined with heavy beds of coarse gravel, 

 thoroughly consolidated by a ferruginous cement. In some places, this 

 forms the bed as well as the banks of the stream ; but, at others, it is 

 cut through, and the original well-worn rock-bottom of the old channel 

 is exposed beneath the gravel by the side of the road. It is evident 

 that, when this canon was originally excavated, the Great Salt Lake 

 was not far, if at all, above its ])resent level ; so that the rushing torrent 

 which wore out this old rounded bottom met no check until it had 

 l^assed entirely beyond the mouth of the canon. There followed a time 

 when the lake filled nearly or quite to its highest terrace ; and, mean- 

 while, the Ogden liiver continued to bring down the sand and pebbles 

 which it bad before been accustomed to sweep out upon the lower ter- 

 race, but now, checked by the rising lake, deposited them in the lower 

 parts of its old channel, until they accumulated to a very high level, 

 not yet accurately located. Again, the lake retired, and the stream 

 again cut down its channel, sometimes reaching its old level and some- 

 times not. It is evident that there were some pretty good sized cas- 

 cades, at least, if not large falls, in tbe old river where it passed over 

 the more solid limestones and quartzites, and wore away the softer 

 underlying shales and schists. The conglomerated gravel, has worn 

 more evenly, though it is far from homogeneous. 



Tbe lower bed of limestone was formerly burned in small kilns, about 

 a mile above tbe mouth of the canon ; but the local supply of wood is 

 now nearly exhausted, and the kilns are deserted. The same bed is 

 used in a kiln at the mouth of Taylor's Canon, just back of Ogden, 

 where it is burned with coal from Evanston, wiiich is delivered at the 

 Ogden station for $5 per ton. Hauling to tbe kiln, on the return trips 

 of teams whi<;h haul down tbe lime, costs $li.(>(> i)er ton. Three tons 

 burn 100 bushels of lime, which sells readily at .50 cents per bushel, 

 delivered in Ogden. The kiln burns about GO bushels per day. 



In order to examine briefly the southern continuation of this range, 



