GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 199 



ain. The lode was said to be about four feet thick. The ore is reported 

 to be rich in silver, and arrange tiieuts have since been made for working it. 



Some of the limestone along here is quite compact and furnishes 

 good building-stone, which dresses well, and has been extensively used 

 iu this ueighbo'hood for houses and barns, the supply being mostly 

 obtained from the piles of large masses swept down along the channels 

 of the small but rapid mountain-streams. While passing down this 

 road, upon my return in November, 1 saw a dozen or more medium- 

 sized two-story stone dwellings iu process of building or just com- 

 pleted, in as many miles, evincing a much higher degree of general 

 prosperity and thrift than one would have expected from a view of the 

 small adobe cottages previously occupied. The soil is evidently fertile, 

 wherever irrigated. Stacks of wheat and corn and huge piles of pump- 

 kins were constant features along this road at the close of the season. 



About twelve miles north of Brigham City we came to another small 

 cluster of hot springs, of temperatures varying from 121° to 128^. 

 These are strongly chalybeate and saline. By the side of them is an- 

 other cluster of springs only feebly saline, free from iron, and of much 

 lower temperature, mostly about GS°. Upon my return in November 

 these reached 72°, but had a much smaller supply of water. The hot 

 springs were also weaker, and reached 132°. Fremont reports them at 

 134° in 1843. The water of these springs supplies a long narrow pond, 

 hemmed iu by portions of the lower terrace upon which the road ruus 

 at this point. Cool springs are said to break out along this pond ; but 

 we did not succeed iu finding them, and so made our camp on the bank 

 of Bear Kiver, about two miles farther on. This stream is here slug- 

 gish, having nearly reached the level of the lake, though yet some miles 

 distant from it. 



Passing up the road about seven miles farther, we approached Hamp- 

 ton's Bridge, where the stream is much more rapid. The channel of the 

 river here makes a sharp turn to the eastward, passing through the 

 frontrangeof the Wahsatch Mountains on our right, while the northeru 

 continuation of the valley in front of the range is occupied by a tributary 

 now known only by the name of Malade River, though sometimes 

 referred to in old publications as Roseaux or Eed Creek. 



The immediate channel of Bear Eiver, where it breaks through the 

 mountain, at the point known as " The Gates," is narrow, with high 

 precipitous walls of light-drab, compact limestone, partly siliceous, 

 from which I could obtain no fossils; but, from its position, it must be 

 Carboniferous. The strata show a westerly dip of about 25°, and evi- 

 dently belong to the west side of the anticlinal upheaval, whose southern 

 continuation has been mentioned as crossing Box Elder and Ogden 

 Canons. The cliffs of this narrow channel reach nearly to the level of 

 the top of the second principal terrace. On the north side of "The 

 Gates," a short distance back from the edge of this channel, there is 

 another considerable break in the upper terrace, showing a second 

 channel to Jiave existed when the stream was at this level; and, as seen 

 from this north side, the appearance of the surface on the south side 

 indicated the probable existence of still a third old channel, rlong the 

 line now occupied by the Utah Northern Eailroad, (narrow gauge,) 

 which there crosses the range into Cache Valley. At the level of the 

 upper terrace, the old valley of Bear River spreads out to a width of 

 about five miles. The upper terrace itself consists almost entirely of a 

 grayish-white limestone, partly fine grained and coujpact, partly coarse 

 and porous, and mostly pebbly. All of it is more or less oolitic. The 

 compact layers are entirely destitute of fossils; but the more pebbly 



