GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



751 



I include also a few peaks on other continents, for the sake of comparison, 

 the latitudes of which are approximate, as their positions are well 

 known'. The table is arranged according- to the latitudes, commencing 

 at the northernmost point and running south. 



Name. 



Latitude. 



Ele- 

 vatiou. 



Timber-line ou Briclger's Peak, Montana. 

 Timber-line on Mount Delano, Montana . 



Timber-line ou Ward's Peak, Montana.. 



Timber-line ou Mount Blackmore, Montana 



Timber-line ou second cafiou of Madison River, Montana .. 



Timber-line ou Electric Peak, Wyoming 



Timber-line on mount near Henry's Lake, Idaho 



Timber-line ou Mount Washburn, Wyoming 



4.5 

 45 

 45 

 45 

 45 

 44 

 44 

 44 



47 

 32 



30 

 26 



00 

 58 

 55 



48 



Timber-line on Moimt Washington, New Ham^jshire. 



44 00 



Timber- 

 Timber- 

 Timber- 

 Timber- 

 Timber- 

 Timber- 

 Timber- 

 Timber- 

 Timber- 

 Timber- 

 Timber- 



line ou 

 liuo ou 

 line on 

 line ou 

 line ou 

 line ou 

 line ou 

 line on 

 line ou 

 line ou 

 lino on 



Cascade Range, Oregon 



Mount Haydeu, Teton Range. 



Wind River Mountains 



Mount Shasta, California ..■. . 

 Gilbert's Peak, in the Uiutas. 



Long's Peak, Colorado 



Andubou's Peak, Colorado . . . 

 Mount Engelmaun, Colorado . 



Berthoud's Pass, Colorado 



Gray's Peak, Colorado 



Pike's Peak, Colorado 



44 

 43 

 43 

 41 



40 

 40 

 40 



av. 

 44 



00 

 15 



50 

 20 

 00 



39 

 39 



38 



50 

 45 

 53 



Timber-line iu Colorado iu general , 



Timber-line ou Sau Francisco Mount, Arizona 



FOREIGN PE.\KS. 



Timber-lino on Alps 



Timber-line on ^Etna 



Timber-line ou Himalayas. 

 Timber-liue ou Teueriiie... 



35 30 



47 to 44 00 



37 48 

 28 to 30 00 

 27 45 



Timber-line on Andes, in South America. 



Timber-line on Andes, in Mexico 



9,002 



8,784 



9, 156 



9, 550 



9,-/54 



9,442 



9, 368 



9, 900 



5 5, 000 



^ to 5,200 



7,000 



11,000 



10, 160 



8,000 



11,100 



10,800 



11,325 



11, 518 



11,816 



11,643 



12, 040 



^ 11,600 



I to 12, 000 



11, 547 



6, 500 



6, 600 

 11,800 



7, 300 



11, 000 

 to 12. 000 



12, 800 



It will be seen that there is a very regular increase in the elevation 

 of the timber-line as the latitude decreases, subject of course to varia- 

 tions when in the neighborhood of high tablelands or seas. As we 

 approach the sea the timber-liue rapidly sinks, until it is rarely over 

 7,000 feet in elevation, while, upon the mountain-peaks that rise above 

 elevated plateaus, it reaches an elevaj;ion of nearly 13,000 feet. 



This immense extent of high land of course raises the temperature, 

 and, by allowing the height of the timber-line to depend upon the 

 mecui annual temperature of the place, the difference between the height 

 of the Hue near table-lands and seas is accounted for. 



The Wahsatch Eange, near Ogden, is almost entirely destitute of 

 trees, their placo being supplied by tangled shrubs. Occasloually a 

 small, stunted pine is met with, and the common juniper, {J. occidentalis.) 

 The most common shrub is the Ceanothus veluttnus, foruiiug patches so 

 tangled as to be almost impassable to the climber. The Cercocarpus 

 ledifolius, or "mountain mahogany," was also noted in considerable 

 abundance to the height of 7,500 feet. • 



