Villa, J. 1Q7?. Anfibios de Nicaragua. Institute Geographica Nacional, 



Banco Central de Nicaragua, T'^anagua, 

 Vogel, Z. I'^Gk. Reptiles and Amphibians. Studio Vista. London, 

 ^'■oris, H.K. and J. P. Bacon. 1966, Differential predation on tadpoles. 



Copeia 1966:59^-598. 



V^ager, V.A. 1965. The frogs of South Africa. Purnell and Sons Ltd., 



Cape Toxxm. 

 '■:aite, ^.R. 1Q29, The reptiles and anpliibians of South Aui'tralia. 



British Science Cruild (South Australia Branch), Adelaide, 



Australia. 

 ''alt-;rs, B, 1975. Studies of interspecific predation within an 



amphibian coriro:unit7. J. Ferpetol. <^: 267-279, 

 i^assersug, R.J. 107I. On the comparative palatability of sorae dry 



,';eason tadpoles from Costa Rica. Am. Midi. Natur. 86:101-100, 

 "rig:at, A.H. I91I4.. North American Anura : life histories of the Anura 



of Ithaca, New York. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 197:1-98. 

 ''right, J.V. 1966. Predation on the Colorado River toad, Bufo 



alvarius . Herpetolop;ica 22:127-128. 

 ^■fright, A.H. and A. A. V^right. lQl;Q. Handbook of frogs and toads of the 



Nrited States pnd Canada. Comstock T\j.bl. Co., Ithaca, N.Y, 



Yerkes, R.N. 1903. The instincts, hr-V^its and reactions of the frog. 



Psychol. Rev. Monog. !(.: 579-638. 

 Yerkes, R.M. 1^05. The sense of hear'ng in frogs. J. Corap. '^^envol, 



^rychol. l5: r.l^-'^nh. 



Reference by subject cross listing, 

 was not reviewed. 



■" indicates that the reference 



1. aposematic coloration 



2. flash colors 



3. eye camouflage 



i;, protective coloration (crjrpsis) 



5. mimicry, procrypsis 



6. immobility 



7. puffing the body up 

 B. defensive posture 



9, movement as defense 



10, noxious secretions 



11, disagreeable odors 



12, bony armor 



13. biting 



li]., sound as defense 



15. release of bladder \-jater 



16. spines, spades, or clav;s 



17. records a predator's reactions 



18. venom ejection 



19. histology of glands 



20. tadpole defensive behav. 



21. noxious eggs 



22. phragmosis 



Abalos (1967): 1,7,8,10. 



Allen & Neill (1956): 12. 



Altip (1972): 8,11. 



Anderson (195i^-): 9,10,ll|. 



Angel (19U7): 10, I8. 



Annandale (1900): 7. 



Annandale (1912): 4. 



B?nta k Carl (1967): 6. 



Barbour (1926): 1,1;, 6, 8, 10,13,16,22, 



Barbour k Loveridge (1928): 1,10. 



Berridge (1935): 7. 



Belt (1871;): 17. 



Blair (1972): 8. 



Bogert (1951;): * 



Bogert (i960): 11;. 



Boice & Hilliams (1971): 6. 



Bokermann (1965): 6, 



Bokermann & Sazima (1973) :8, 



Boulenger (1897) :8,ll;, 



Boulenger (1911):!;. 



Bragg Tl9l;5):7,8,9, 6, 



Bragg (1965) :10, 11. 



Brattstrom & Warren (1955) :i+,6,9. 



Brown (1971;) : 10. 



Brueck (1967): 8. 



Budgett (1899): 1,1^,10,17,18,20, 



Camp (1917) :7, 9. 11;. 



Capranica (1965) :ll;. 



-8- 



