17 



POPULATION DENSITY 



Gopherus spp.; 594(8-9). G. agasslzll i 525; 528(2); 532(19); 562(250); 

 572(20); 581(639, 640); 599(475); 615(9); 632(13). G. berlandleri ; 

 606(450, 451). G. f lavomarginatus ; 594(8-9); 595(14, 15, 16, 17). G. 

 Polyphemus ; 123(105-106); 501(26); 508; 537; 538; 539; 540; 542; 545; 

 546; 568; 584(174); 586(337); 621. 



SOCIAL ATTRACTION (see also BURROW OCCUPANCY AND CONSTANCY) 



General: 523. Gopherus spp.: 523. G. agasslzll : 523; 544; 591. G. 

 berlandleri ; 544. G. polyphemus ; 502; 508(8). 



MIGRATIONS 



Gopherus berlandleri ; 606(449). G. polyphemus : 508(15, 16, 18, 24). 



POSSIBLE TERRITORIALITY (see also AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR) 



General: 43; 523; 539; 599(475). Gopherus spp.: 624. G. agasslzll ; 

 523; 539(60); 599(475). G. berlandleri ; 539(60); 606(453). G. flavo - 

 marginatus ; 539(49). G. polyphemus ; 539; 540; 545. 



ORIENTATION AND HOMING 



Gopherus agasslzll : 599(475). G. berlandleri : 606(448). G. poly- 

 phemus : 539; 542; 569(94). 



DISEASES; DIETARY DEFICIENCIES 



Gopherus sp.; 549. G. agasslzll ; 532(19); 552; 554(59, 121-123); 575. 

 G. berlandleri ; 597; 628. G. polyphemus ; 554(56, 116); 555; 591(68). 



INJURIES 



Gopherus agasslzll ; 552(6). G. polyphemus : 501(26); 554(63). 



PARASITES 



Bacteria: Gopherus agasslzll ; 552. G. polyphemus : 554(116). 



Fungi: Gopherus agasslzll ; 552(8); 575. 



Nematodes: Gopherus spp.: 596. Gopherus sp.; 596, G. agasslzll ; 596. 



G_. f lavomarginatus ; 596. G. polyphemus ; 596. 

 Leeches; Gopherus polyphemus ; 569(94), 

 Ticks 



Amblyomma tuberculatum on Gopherus polyphemus : 537; 538; 544; 641; 642, 

 Other ticks; Gopherus polyphemus ; 527; 544; 566(612). 



PREDATORS (see also EGG PREDATORS and USE AS FOOD BY HUMANS) 



Gopherus agasslzll ; 525; 528(6); 532(19); 546; 572(20); 591; 593; 

 632(76). G. berlandleri ; 546. G. polyphemus ; 546; 585(183); 631. 



EGG PREDATORS 



Gopherus agasslzll ; 525. G. polyphemus ; 546; 584(174). 



HABITAT DESTRUCTION; URBANIZATION 



Gopherus agassizii ; 505; 525; 528; 532(19); 562; 572(20); 581(639); 

 614(140); 615; 632(13). G. polyphemus : 508; 553(75). 



HIGHWAY MORTALITY 



Gopherus agassizii ; 572(20); 614(140). G. polyphemus : 550(366). 



WANTON KILLING 



Gopherus agasslzll ; 505; 528(4, 6); 532(19). 



