THE 

 LONDON AND EDINBURGH 



PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE 



AND 



JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 



CONDUCTED BY 



SIR DAVID BREWSTER, K.H. LL.D. F.R.S. L. & E. &c. 

 RICHARD TAYLOR, F.L.S.G.S. Astr.S.Nat.H.Mosc.&c. 



AND 



RICHARD PHILLIPS, F.R.S. L.&E.F.G.S. &c. 



" Nee araneaium sane textus ideo melior quia ex se fila gignunt, nee noster 

 vilior quia ex alienis libamus ut apes." Just. Lips. Monit. Polit. lib. i. cap. 1. 



VOL. IX. 



NEW AND UNITED SERIES OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE, 

 ANNALS OF PHILOSOPHY, AND JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 



JULY— DECEMBER, 1836. 



LONDON: 



PRINTED BV RICHARD TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, 

 Printer to the University of London. 



SOLD BY LOMGMAN, RF.ES, ORMK, BROWN, CREEK, AND LONGMAN; CADELL; 



BALDWItI AND CRADOCK; SHERWOOD, GILBERT, AND PIPER; SIMPKIN 



AND MARSHALL; WHITTAKER AND CO.; AND S. HIGHLEY, 



London: — by thomas clauk, and adam and 

 charles black, edinburgh; smith and son, 



GLASGOW ; HODGES AND m'aRTHUR, DUB- 

 LIN; AND G. W.M, REYNOLDS, PARIS. 



