196 Dr. Falconer and Capt. Cautley 



The three anterior or simple molars have the usual forivi which holds 

 in Riimmantia, a single seniicylinder, with but one piiir of crescents. The 

 first one is much worn and partlj' mutilated : the second is more en- 

 tire, having been a shorter time in use, and finely exhibits the ilexuous 

 curves in the sweep of the enamel of the inner crescent ; the last one has 

 the simple form of the permanent tooth, which replaces the last milk 

 molar : it also shows the wavy form of the enamel. 



Regarding the position of the teeth in the jaw ; the last four molars, viz. 

 the three permanent and the last of replacement, run in a straight line, and 

 on the opposite sides are parallel and equi-distant : the two anterior ones 

 are suddenly directed inwards, so as to be a good deal approximated. If 

 the two first molars were not thus inflected, the opposite lines of teeth 

 would form exactly two sides of a square: the length of the line of teeth, 

 and the intervals between the outer surfaces of the four last molars, being 

 almost equal, viz. 9'8 and 9'9 inches respectively. 



The plane of detrition of the whole series of molars from rear to front 

 is not horizontal, but in a slight curve, and directed upwards at a consider- 

 able angle with the base of the skull : so that when the head is placed so 

 as to rest upon the occipital condyles and the last molars, a plane through 

 these points is cut by a chord along the curve of detrition of the whole 

 series of molars at an angle of about 45^, This is one of the marked cha- 

 racters about the head : 



Dimensions of the Teeth, 



Length. Breadth. 

 Inches. Inches. 



Last molar right side 2-35 



Penultimate do 2-20 2-38 



Antepenultimate do 1-68 2*20 



Last simple molar 1'55 2*24 



Second do. do 1-70 1'95 



First do. do 170 1-90 



Outer Inner 

 Surfaces. Surfaces. 



Interval between the surfaces of last molar 99 5*5 



Do. do. do. third molar 9'8 55 



Do. do. do. second do 8*4 45 



Do. do. do. first do 6-4 32 



Space occupied by the line of molars 9'8 inches. 

 Bones of the Head and Face.— From the age of the animal to which the 

 head had belonged, the bones had become anchylosed at their commissures, 

 so that every trace of suture has disappeared, and their limits and con- 

 nexions are not distinguishable. 



The frontal is broad and flat, and slightly concave at its upper half. It 

 expands laterally into two considerable swellings at the vertex, and 

 sweeps down to join the temporals in an ample curve ; and with no angu- 

 larity. It becomes narrower forwards, to behind the orbits; and then 

 expands again in sending off an apophysis to join with the malar bone, 

 and complete the posterior circuit of the orbit. The width of the bone 

 where narrowest, behind the orbit, is very great, being 16-2 inches. Partly 

 between and partly to the rear of the orbits, there arise by a broad base, 

 passing insensibly into the frontal, two short thick conical processes. They 

 taper rapidly to a point, a little way below which they are mutilated in 

 the fossil. They start so erect from the brow, that their axis is perpendi- 

 cular to their basement : and they diverge at a considerable angle. From 

 their base upwards they are free from any rugosities, their surface being 

 smooth and even. They are evidently the osseous cores of two intra- 

 orbital horns. From their position and size they form one of the most re- 

 markable featiues in the head. The connexions of the frontal are nowhere 

 distinguishable, no mark of a suture remaining. At the upper end of the 



