Researches into the Physiology of the Human Voice. 201 



those of the corresponding parts of a buffalo. The dimenjions compared 

 with those of the buffalo and camel are thus : 



Sivatherium. Buffalo. Camel. 



Depth of the jaw from the alveolus last molar 495 in. 265 in. 270 in. 



Greatest thickness of do 2-3 105 1-4 



Width of middle of last molar 1-35 0-64 076 



Length of posterior fd of do 2-15 0-95 1-15 



No known ruminant, fossil or existing, has a jaw of such large size ; the 

 average dimensions above given being more than double those of a buffalo, 

 which measured in length of head 19-2 inches (-489 metres); and exceed- 

 ing those of the con-esponding parts of the rhinoceros. We have there- 

 fore no hesitation in referring the fragment to the Sivatherium giganteum. 



The above comprises all that we know regarding the osteology of the 

 head from an actual examination of the parts. We have not been so for- 

 tunate hitherto, as to meet with any other remain comprising the anterior 

 part of the muzzle either of the upper or lower jaw*. We shall now pro- 

 ceed to deduce the form of the deficient parts, and the structure of the 

 head generally, to the extent that may be legitimately inferred from the 

 data of which we are in possession. 



[To be continued.] 



XLII. Experimental Researches into the Physiology of the 



Human Voice. By John Bishop, Esq..^ Sfc. ^c-f 

 'T'HE human voice is a subject of universal interest, and at- 

 *•' tracts the attention of numerous individuals in every class 

 of society. The facility with which its organs are brought into 

 play, and the perfect ease with which its various tones are 

 produced, convey no idea of the complex and elaborate me- 

 chanism by which they are effected, nor of the extreme intri- 

 cacy in which the phaenomena are involved. 



Few perhaps are aware that the subject of the voice has 

 been the cause of more laborious research and hypothetical 

 reasoning, attended with more perplexing results, than almost 

 any other object of inquiry connected with animal physiology. 

 The term voice is exclusively appropriated to those sounds 

 which are produced by the vocal organs of animals. These 

 sounds are of two kinds, namely, first, the primary inarticulate 

 tones, with all their modifications of character, quality and in- 



* In a note received from Captain Cautley while this paper is in the press, that 

 gentleman mentions the discovery of a portion of the skeleton of a Sivatherium in 

 another part of the hills : See Journal As. Soc. vol. iv. " During my recent trip 

 to the Siawliki near the Pinjor valley, the field of Messrs. Baker and Durand's 

 labours, I regretted much my inability to obtain the dimensions of one of the most 

 superb fossils I suppose that ever was found. It was unfortunately discovered 

 and excavated by a party of workpeople employed by a gentleman with whom I 

 was unacquainted; and although I saw the fossil when in the rock, I was pre- 

 vented from getting the measurements afterwards. This specimen appeared to 

 consist of the femur and tibia, with the tarsal, metatarsal, and phalanges of our 

 Sivatherium." It is much to be regretted that such an opportunity should have 

 been lost of adding to the information already acquired of this new and gigantic 

 ruminant. — Stc. Asiat. Soc. 



f Communicated by the Author. 



Third Series. Vol.9. No.53. S^p/. 1830. Z 



