Distribution of Birds in North Russia. 25 



considered doubtful. Professor Palmen (' Finlands Foglar/ 

 vol. ii. p. 44) records it from the mountainous country near 

 Lake Imandra, between Kandalax and Kola. Lilljeborg, 

 quoting Middendorff, says (K. V. A. Handl. 1850, p. 320), 

 " It seems to become rarer and rarer in Russian Lapland 

 towards the White Sea ; he seems to consider, therefore, that 

 its eastern boundaries are here." Herr Goebel records that 

 large numbers of this bird are brought to the annual fair at 

 Pinega from the district of Kem ; but I think it is more than 

 probable that these came to Kem in the first instance from a 

 much more westerly locality, or from the localities above taken 

 notice of. At all events the presence of specimens in the 

 Pinega market sent from Kem does not entitle the species 

 to a place in the Archangel fauna {i. e. N.C.) ; nor does 

 the presence of a specimen in the museum suffice. Goebel 

 also includes it amongst the eggs procured, but gives no 

 authentication. I think it exceedingly doubtful that it exists 

 on the east shore of the White Sea except in a frozen state, 

 unless it may occur in Kanin. Of its occurrence on the west 

 shore of the White Sea we have records in ' Finlands Foglar,' 

 vol. ii. p. 44 (Triostrov, near the mouth of the Ponoi river, in 

 67° N. lat.). 



In the N.E. District Ave have records of Lagopus alpi- 

 nus, Nilss., from the Northern Ural (Hoffman), in 66° N. lat., 

 and from Waigats, by Von Heuglin, of a Lagopus^ probably of 

 this species. 



(34) Tetrao urogallo-tetrix^ Sund. {v. Collett's ' Birds of 

 Northern Norway,' p. 50). No. 138 in Table. 



Under the name of Tetrao medius^ Schrader includes this 

 hybrid in his list of birds found in Russian Lapland. 

 The name T. urogalhides^ Nilsson, for a long time has been 

 that in most general use, but has been taken up by Midden- 

 dorff for a totally different species from Kamtschatka. Lin- 

 naeus named a Tetrao hybridus^ but it remains uncertain to 

 which hybrid this name was applied. Sundevall re-named 

 this bird Tetrao urogallo-tetricides in 1869 ; but Collett very 

 properly explains away the termination -ides [torn. cit. p. 50), 

 and suggests the name standing at the head of this notice. 

 This name should, I think, stand, i. e. if a hybrid is deserving 

 at all of such distinction. 



(35) Coturnix communis^ Bonnat. No. 141 in Table. 



In 'Finlands Foglar' the Common Quail is recorded from 

 Lutvajarvi, 65° N., near the Finnish frontier, a specimen 



