Distribution of Birds in North Russia. 205 



(15) Corvus coroney L. No. 64 in Tables. 



Auct. Goebel (No. 20, p. 24) ? MiddendorfF also says (" Die 

 Thierwelt Sibiriens," p. 1029, footnote 3) that it is found 

 at Ladoga Sea, quoting ' Naumannia,' 1852, p. 103 ; and 

 Lilljeborg saw one at Ladeinopole (No. 4, p. 288), in the 

 S.W. District. 



(16) Coi-vus monedula and C. dauricus, Pall. No. 66 in 

 Tables. 



SabanaefF (22) separates these as species, and shows that 

 their distribution is somewhat different, Corvus monedula 

 being rarer in the north and more abundant in the south (in 

 the Bashkir birch-woods) and O. dauricus, Pall, {= C. collaris, 

 Drummond), being commonest in the north. I have not, 

 however, thought it advisable to separate them. I have 

 marked C. monedula resident in the Northern Division. 

 It is, however, only a summer visitant to the N.E. District, 

 but has of late years increased its distribution northwards and 

 eastwards considerably. It is only of late years that it came 

 to Mez^n ; and now it even winters there. 



(17) Corvus frugilegus J L. No. 67 in Tables. 



Is said also to occur at Ijma, 64° (22). One specimen was 

 brought to us at Ust Zylma in 1875. A flock was seen, 

 and specimens shot, at Archangel by Alston and myself (12) ; 

 and though only a summer visitant to the Southern Division, 

 it would appear to be pushing its range northward. It was 

 also observed by Middendorff on the Sommarudden coast of 

 the White Sea in the N.W. District (1). 



(18) Nucifraga caryocatactes (L.). No. 69 in Tables. 



Compare MejakoiF's (19) statement with notes in Northern 

 Division (Part II. I. c. p. 20). Its appearance at all in 

 North Russia seems to be only sporadical, occurring in some 

 seasons in flocks, and staying only a short time. SabanaefF, 

 however, records it as extremely abundant throughout Perm, 

 especially in the north. There it is a summer visitant ; but 

 in Vologda, Mejakoff seems to consider it only an occasional 

 migrant. 



(19) Garrulus glandxirius (L.). No. 72 in Tables. 



I have also observed this species in travelling from St. 

 Petersburg to Archangel, but not numerous. SabanaefF 



