104 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some 
B. indicus and B. taurus las been frequently advanced as 
evidence of their specific distinctness. ‘lo this I shall refer 
later (p. 109). If there is any truth in the claim, the argu- 
ment disposes of the theory of the banteng descent of the 
zebu. The voice of the zebu I have described below. It 
differs considerably from that of the banteng, which I have 
heard described as a roar or bellow. Perhaps Blanford’s 
phraseology applied to the voice of the gaur will convey as 
good an idea of it asany. He said it is “a prolonged call, 
not very unlike the lowing of Bos taurus, but utterly unlike 
that of B. indicus.” Blanford, however, seems to have been 
unacquainted with the true call of the zebu (¢f. injra, p. 109). 
In my opinion, the voice of the zebu differs at least as muchi 
from the voice of the banteng as it does from that of 
B. taurus ; but for reasons given below I do not think this 
necessarily disproves the theory of the descent of the zebu 
from the banteng. 
The evidence derived by Riitimeyer from the form of the 
skull in the banteng and zebu is rendered, in my opinion, 
untrustworthy by the extraordinary variability of the skull 
in domesticated cattle. In any case, the cranial resemblances 
between the two are not close, as a comparison between Ly- 
dekker’s figure of the skull of a bull Gujrati zebu (published 
on pl. xx. of his volume on the Ox) with his figures of the 
skulls of the Javan and Bornean banteng (published on 
pp. 24 &26 of his ‘Catalogue of Ungulates’ in 1913) will show. 
The banteng-skulls, indeed, have a relatively longer forehead 
and shorter face, and thus approximate to the typical taurine 
type. Nevertheless, the skull is so plastic that I should 
hesitate to take it as a reliable guide to affinity, one way or 
the other, where domesticated animals are concerned (cf. 
infra, p. 106). 
One other point may be referred to. In both the gayal 
and the banteng, representing two distinet species of the 
Bibos group of cattle, the urethral canal of the penis ends in a 
small pointed process, free from the swollen terni#*afion of 
the glans. In the zebu there is no such process, the urethral 
canal terminating, as in typical Bos, on the underside of the 
swollen end of the glans (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) ii. 
pp. 451, 454-455, 1918). 
III. THE CHARACTERS OF Bos rvprcvs AND Bos ravrvs. 
The principal differences between an average Indian zebu 
and an average British. or Spanish fighting bull are well 
known. The zebu has a hump of fleshy and fatty tissue on 
