108 Mr. R. I.-Pocock on some 
in this particular is very great, as is shown by the Mysore 
and Gujrati breeds represented on pl. xvil. The Gujrati 
zebu, indeed, has a croup very sensibly approaching that of 
European cattle in its elevation. 
Colour.—One or two colour-characters are mentioned by 
Lydekker as evidence of specific distinctness between B, taurus 
and B. indicus. He speaks of white rings round the eyes 
and fetlocks as characteristic of the zebu. But since such 
typical examples of B. taurus as park cattle by no means 
infrequently have white rings round the fetlocks, and since 
the hair round the eyes in Jerseys, which are beyond suspicion 
of zebu blood, should, as Lydekker says (p. 115), be 
cream-coloured or greyish, it is quite clear that no value can 
be attached to these points. Again, the presence of a light 
spinal stripe in Kerry cattle (p. 95) in the Craven breed of 
longhorns (p. 84) and in Castilian bulls (p. 132) is quoted as 
certain evidence of aurochs descent. Very likely that is the 
case. But a white spinal stripe is not uncommonly present 
in pure-bred zebus. Hence if this character has the signifi- 
cance claimed for it by Lydekker, it is evidence of consan- 
guinity between B. taurus and B. indicus. 
Finally, in the tendency exhibited by bull banteng to 
become black, and thus depart from the rufous tint of cows 
and young bulls, Lydekker sees the origin of the sexual 
difference in colour between some breeds of zebu, the cows of 
which are whitish while the bulls are blackish or iron-grey *. 
But traditional information about the aurochs suggests that 
that species also was sexually dimorphic in colour. One 
aurochs indeed was recorded as grey—presumably, that is to 
say, zebu-like. Hence the colour-difference between the sexes 
of zebus cannot be claimed with assurance as a banteng 
character, So far as it goes, indeed, it suggests closer 
affinity between the zebus and the aurochs than between the 
latter and typical breeds of Bos taurus, in which the sexes 
are, I believe, alike. Bat I am not prepared to lay any great 
stress upon this point, because, as stated above, I suspect 
sexual dimorphism of colour in cattle to be a primitive 
character inherited from a T'ragelaphine ancestor t. How- 
* Bull calves of the Mysore and Gujrati breeds begin to darken in the 
first year. 
+ Lydekker (pp. 32-33 & 253) appears to have been attracted by 
Prof, Linnberg’s view that cattle are closely related to the gnus (Conno- 
chetes). He adds, however, that although the direct ancestry of the ox 
tribe is still unknown, the earliest representatives of the group are related 
to the buffaloes, which constitute in some respects the most primitive of 
