128 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 
which he describés as leaf-like, are as conspicuous as in 
S. edificatriz, but his representation of them (pl. xv. fig. 17) 
would convey an erroneous impression as to their structure 
and relationship to the filaments. He did not discriminate, 
however, the minute structure of the collar-bristles of the 
anterior region, and his description and figure of the hooks 
is also different from Nature, for he appears to have counted 
the serrations of each hook as a separate organ—at any 
rate, his figure diverges from Nature. The first segment of 
the posterior region (his abdomen) he describes as devoid of 
bristles. He-did not notice the two anal papillae. The male 
elements (ripe sperms) he placed in the thirteenth segment, 
and the female in the following seven to eleven segments. In 
his description of the buds he alludes to the early condition 
of the branchie, but with the exception of a figure of the 
early stage he adds little to what Huxley had previously 
recorded. 
Claparéde (1873) thought that Huxley exaggerated the 
views of De Quatrefages in regard to the blood-system of 
the Annelids. He considered a pseud-bemal system quite 
different from that of the superior animals, and resembling 
the vasculariform excretory system of the Rotifera, Cestodes, 
and Trematodes. He disagreed with this, for both morpho- 
logically and physiologically the blood-system is connected 
with assimilation. 
De Quatrefages * describes the genus as having two false 
opercula, whilst his species Filograna berkeleyi and F. implexa 
do not appear to differ, for the coalescent uncini of the 
former and the angular teeth of the latter need not be 
seriously considered, since his figures of bristle and hook are 
not sufficiently accurate. His third form, Filograna dysteri 
is Huxley’s species, and his fourth is the F. schleident of 
Schmidt +, a variety of the common form. De Quatrefages 
overlooked the distinctive characters of the collar-bristles. 
The genus Salmacina { was established by Claparede § in 
1868 for Serpulids having a thoracic membrane, regular 
branchiz with a circular base, devoid of an operculum, the 
first thoracic segment furnished with tufts of distinctive and 
much larger bristles than those which follow, and dwelling 
in calcareous tubes. While it agrees with Protula in the 
absence of an operculum, it differs in the larger collar- 
* Annales, ii. p. 485, pl. xv. figs. 9-12 (1865). 
+ Neue Beitrage Naturges. der Wurm. p. 33, pl. 3. 
{ Named after the hermaphrodite nymph Salmacis, a name already 
employed by L. Agassiz in the Echinids. 
§ Annél. Chétop. Naples, p. 486. 
