156 . - Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the 
pygidium. The achetous region (of four or more pale seg- 
ments) was filled with sperms—some ripe, the majority 
scarcely ripe. The sides of the posterior region, which 
would by-and-by form the bud, had opaque: cells .and 
granules (developing ova?). The sperms thus first attained 
maturity in the example. ‘This, therefore, shows the variable 
nature of the form in this respect. 
On the 9th June early trochospheres of a deep red colour 
occurred in the vessels, the prototroch being conspicuous at 
each side. These simply rotate or swim in smali circles ; 
but the larve with commencing segmentation dart through 
the water with great vigour, ‘and often in a straight linet 
whilst others made larger “circles near the bottom. One of 
the latter had three segments behind the head, and in all 
two eyes were distinct. 
The mode of development in these forms thus differs from 
that observed in the preparations of Salmacina cdificatrix, 
which produces large ova and trochospheres in the tube. 
No buds have been met with. 
(d) GENERAL. 
Filograna in itself demonstrates the difficulties which 
surround the idea of special creation as an explanation of 
he diverse conditions of structure and reproduction, since 
those with and those without opereula, those with enlarged 
tips to the branchiz and those without them, those with 
eyes and those devoid of them, those with a few pairs of 
anterior bristles and hook-rows and those with an increased 
series of both, and other variations occur on the same site. 
It is more reasonable to believe that the observer is dealing 
with a species spread over the whole globe, and which is 
endowed with a capacity for variation almost unequalled in 
the animal series, than to adhere to the view that there are 
separate species or genera. 
‘he sea is in a different position from Mr, Alfred Wallace’s 
view of the land, where “so long as a country remains 
physically unchanged, the numbers of its animal population 
cannot materially increase. If one species does so, some 
others requiring the same kind of food must diminish in 
proportion.” In the sea such strictures, perhaps, are less 
necessary, for there is an ample margin for every living 
form in 80 far as food is concerned. It is true “ the numbers 
that die’’ (or are killed) “‘ annually must be immense; and, 
as the industrial existence of each animal depends on itself, 
those that die must be the weakest—the very young, the 
aged, and the diseased; while those that prolong their 
existence can only be the most perfect in health and vigour— 
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