416 On the American Species of Rana, 
than this #. palmipes, originally described from the 
Amazonian region of Brazil. 
It has been made the type of a distinct genus (Ranula, 
Pohlia) by Peters and by Steindachner, and even referred to 
the Hylide by Giinther (1867). Peters founded the genus 
Ranula on the feeble dentition : “ Die Zahne des Oberkiefers 
sind so schwach und wenig zahlreich dass man sie erst bei 
genauer Untersuchung findet und am Gaumen fehlen sie 
ganz.” The explanation is that Ranula gollmeri was described 
from a recently transformed young, from Caracas, measuring 
50 mm. from snout to vent; of this I feel sure, having 
examined young from Pebas of exactly the same size with a 
short tail and toothless upper jaw. A second, larger speci- 
men, also from Caracas, was described at the same time by 
Peters as Rana affinis, and regarded as so closely related to 
AR. temporaria that it should perhaps rank as a local variety 
only. <A little later, however, Peters recognized that the 
two supposed species were identical and correctly referred 
them to &. palmipes. In 1866, Cope took up the genus 
ftanula and defined it as the American representative of 
Hylorana, differing in the “important particulars of the 
incompleteness of the ethmoid arch, its superior plate being 
represented by cartilage.’’ Cope, who maintained the 
definition up to the close of his labours, can only have 
examined young specimens, for in the adult the ethmoid is 
ossified exactly as in Rana temporaria. 
Schlegel, Tschudi, and Duméril and Bibron referred 
kt. palmipes to the synonymy of R. esculenta; Peters 
described another specimen as a variety of R. clamitans ; 
Brocchi’s f. vaillanti was described as allied to R. muyiens ; 
whilst Giinther (1900), overlooking the small terminal 
discs of the toes, compared his FR. bonaccana to R. clamitans 
and &. draytonii. 
22. Rana ceruleopunctata, Stdr., 1864. 
Ranula ceruleopunctata, chrysoprasina, Cope, 1866.—Hyarana ceruleo- 
punctata, Steind., 1867.— Trypheropsis chrysoprasinus, Cope, 1868.— 
Hylarana chrysoprasina, Brocchi, 1882. 
Nicaragua and Costa Rica, up to 4600 ft. altitude. 
