Zones of the 
436 Geological Society. 
beds are characterized by numerous large gasteropods. Productus 
humerosus (sublevis) marks an equally important horizon in 
Upper C, as it does in the Belgian Province. 
D beds are peculiar in the western part of the Clitheroe Province, 
and are largely represented by shales, mudstones, and thin earthy 
limestones; but in the north and north-east, in the Settle and 
Burnsall ashore thick, fossiliferous, obscurely-bedded limestones 
with a rich brachiopod and mollusean fauna occur. 
The Pendleside Series is well developed, and practically the whole 
sequence is exposed on the north-western flank of ‘Pendle Hill. 
This series can be subdivided into life-zones by the Goniatites. 
The lower 300 feet consists of well-bedded earthy limestones 
with much chert, characterized by the presence of Prolecanites 
compressus. As a rule, there is a well-marked limestone horizon, 
which the Authors name the Ravensholme Limestone (from a farm 
of that name at the north-eastern end of Pendle) ; this hmestone 
contains Zaphrentis amplexoides, Cyathaxonia rushiana, Miche- 
linia tenuisepta, and M. parasitica, and the fauna is a very 
important and constant feature throughout the whole province. 
The Ravensholme Limestone is an important part of the ‘ Pendle- 
side Limestone’ of the late Mr. R. H. Tiddeman. 
The Pendleside Limestone is succeeded by hard, black, calcareous 
shales with Glyphioceras striatum, Nomismoceras rotiforme, and 
Posidonomya becheri; and these in turn by the Bowland Shales 
of Phillips, which contain the zones of Glyphioceras spirale and 
Glyphioceras bilingue. 
The Upper Pendle Grit succeeds the zone of Glyphioceras 
bilingue, and is the homotaxial equivalent of Farey’s Grit of the 
Peak Country. 
An important horizon occurs between the Kinderscout and the 
Millstone Grit—Sabden Shales—characterized by a rich fauna with 
Glyphioceras beyrichianum and Glyphioceras reticulatum. It is 
considered probable that the well-known fossiliferous Hebden- 
Bridge Beds may be on this horizon rather than in the Pendleside 
Series. 
TABLE OF GONIATITE ZONES. 
‘Middle’ Coal Measures. Gastrioceras carbonarium von Buch. 
Lower Coal Measures. Gastrioceras carbonarium yon Buch. 
Upper Millstone Grit. Gastrioceras listert Martin. 
Sabden Shales. Glyphioceras diadema Beyrich. 
g C Shales below Millstone Grit. ¢- Glyphioceras bilingue Salter. 
3 Bowlendicnales: | Glyph ee ENTE Ere: 
b Glyphioceras spirale Phillips. 
+I Glyphioceras striatum Phillips. 
s Posidonomya becheri Nomismoceras rotiforme Phillips. 
BS Shales. Prolecanites compressus Sowerby. 
Carboniferous LimestoneD,.- Glyphioceras crenistria Phillips. 
