296 Miscellaneous. 



Diluvial forms of Cams (Gray's true clogs) there are known : — Canis 

 Jierci/mcits, Wold. ; C. Mildi, Wold. ; C. iiitennedius. Wold. ; and 

 C. ferns, Bnurgt. Figures and descriptions of these Diluvial dogs 

 are contained in mj publications. 



I am now of opinion that Canis familiaris Sjxdietti, 8trob., is to 

 be regarded as the representative of the group of the living sjnfz- 

 dogs, and that it may have originated from the Diluvial Canis her- 

 cyninis. Wold. Canis familiaris joalustris, Kiitim., is probably the 

 representative of the existing spaniels and smaller sporting-dogs, 

 as well as of a portion of the yard-dogs, and may be derivable from 

 the Diluvial Canis Milii. Canis familiaris palustris, or the peat- 

 dog of the oldest pile-dwellings, was widely distributed over Europe 

 as early as the IS^eolithic j)eriod ; I have recognized it even in the 

 Danish kitchen-middens ; it appears to be one of the oldest of 

 domestic dogs, as is evidenced by its wide distribution and its agree- 

 ment (according to Studer) with the house-dog of the Papuas 

 {Canis hihernio', Quoy et Gaimard). It would appear that the more 

 powerful Canis familiaris liulustris ladof/ensis, Anuc., also belongs 

 to its series of forms. jSTow as domestic dogs similar to this dog of 

 the stone age of Lake Ladoga are met with among the Lapps, Samo- 

 jedes, Tschnktsches, and Tunguses, as also among the peoples of 

 N'orth America, the distribution of this form of dog would be 

 remarkaj^ly wide. The peat-dog, however, had already varied con- 

 siderably at the close of the stone age and during the bronze age, 

 and this, it seems to me, less in consequence of select breeding than 

 of intermixture ; thus its smaller sharp-nosed forms in the later pile- 

 dwellings may have already received blood of the spitz-dog and the 

 larger ones blood of a larger dog, perhaps the widely-distributed 

 Canis familiaris intermedivs. 



In Canis familiaris intermedins, Wold., we have the representative 

 of our middle-sized true sheepdogs (not the large wolf-like ones), 

 and its ancestor is the Diluvial Canis intermedius, Wold. This pre- 

 historic dog I have also recognized in the Danish kitchen-middens : 

 it was widely distributed as early as the bronze age. Whether 

 Canis familiaris Mostranzewi, Anuc., is also to be referred to the 

 form of C. familiaris intermedius, or to the larger of the forms dis- 

 tinguished by Jeitteles, or whether it represents an independent 

 form, I cannot at present decide. Of Canis familiaris optimce 

 matris, Jeitt., two forms are distinguishable — one grejhound-like, 

 the other that of a large powerful hunting-dog. In France, as 

 well as with us, there occur in the Diluvium the remains of a dog, 

 Canis ferns, Bourgt., of the size of an average wolf, which will pro- 

 bably have to be united with the above-mentioned powerful hound- 

 like iorm. Finally, as regards the prehistoric Canis familiaris 

 decwnanns, Nehring, this greatly resembles our mastiffs, of which 

 I am inclined, with great probability, to regard the Diluvial Lupus 

 Suessi, Wold., as the ancestor. 



Lastly, that our greyhounds have their ancestor in a Dilu^■ial 

 ancestor of the African Simeina simensis, Gray, seems to me to be 

 quite certain : and so also for some of our long-eared small dogs the 



