Prof. Mcintosh's Notes on the Tunny. 331 



tion of faint longitudinal elevations. It is about 7 inches in 

 length. 



About half an inch behind the pylorus the thick wall of the 

 duodenum is perforated by the comparatively small aperture 

 of the gall-duct. On close examination the opening at the 

 bottom of the pit, however, is found to be double. One aper- 

 ture leads almost directly into a cffical appendix nearly 3 

 inches in length, placed anteriorly close to the hepatic duct ; 

 while another, more oblique in direction, leads into the latter. 

 Commencing next the gut, the narrow gall-duct shows a 

 dilatation about half an inch in diameter about 2 inches from 

 its origin. It again contracts after a course of 5 inches, and 

 then dilates into a long sac of unequal calibre — 2 feet 4 inches 

 in length, besides a terminal appendix 1^ inch long. The 

 remarkable length of the organ was even noticed by Aristotle. 

 Three dilatations occur in the long sac, viz, a fusiform one 

 6 inches in length inferiorly, another, of the same shape, 12 

 inches long, and a more cylindrical terminal region, which 

 also shows, however, a slight dilatation in the middle and an 

 approach to a diverticulum at its commencement. Slightly 

 contracted regions separate these divisions from each other. 

 The bile has a dark green colour and is aqueous. The cfecal 

 appendix is somewhat wider than the gall-duct at its base, 

 dilates rapidly to almost double the diameter, and then dimin- 

 ishes to a conical apex. The walls of this cystic appendix 

 are thinner than those of the duct, and the inner (mucous) 

 surface is minutely speckled with blackish or dark brownish 

 pigment-points. The gall-bladder again shows terminally a 

 beak-like diverticulum of a conical form, which projects from 

 the longitudinal axis of the organ at an angle. The inner 

 surface is apparently smooth, though marked with minute 

 black points, as in the foregoing sac, and the wall is compa- 

 ratively thin. Under a lens a tendency to minute reticulation, 

 however, is observed even in the distal region of the bladder, 

 and after a course of from 15 to 18 inches down the organ 

 such becomes more pronounced, and the wall at the same 

 time increases in thickness. The latter is especially marked 

 at the commencement of the dilatation, measuring 6 inches in 

 length, for the wall is denser than that of the 12-inch distal 

 dilatation. Whei'e the 6-inch region contracts inferiorly pro- 

 minent longitudinal rugaj appear and frequently run together, 

 the intermediate spaces being finely reticulated. The reticu- 

 lations are less pronounced in the narrow portion between this 

 and the nearly cylindrical region (about 3 inches in length) 

 inferiorly. The latter is marked throughout by longitudinal 



