JAPANESE EARTHQUAKES — HECK 215 



was a permanent uplift over a, distance of 12 miles, with a maximum 

 of 10 feet. 



The 1804 Kisahata earthquake. — Mount Tyokai had an eruption a 

 few years before and was still active, but without apparent relation to 

 the earthquake. Before the shock the Kisakata Lagoon afforded pic- 

 turesque scenery with a radius of a mile and an average depth of 6^ 

 feet. A permanent uplift of 10 feet eliminated the lagoon. At Kotaki, 

 2*/2 miles to the southeast, there was subsidence of 4% feet, which 

 altered the course of a stream. The other shocks listed were without 

 special features, except that the one of 1939 was characterized by land- 

 slides and Assuring. Tsunamis, if any, were insignificant. 



B. Latitude 39° to Toyama Bay. In this group are included the 

 earthquakes of 1833, 1894, 1802, 1614, 1729, 1751, and 1666. In the Sado 

 earthquake of 1802 there was quite heavy damage, but the special fea- 

 ture was the preseismic tilt. The earthquake occurred at 2 p. m. At 

 the town of Ogi an extraordinary ebbing of the tide was noted about 

 10 a. m., a slight shock occurring at that time. The land rose about 

 314 feet, and as in the 1793 earthquake a tsunami was expected, but it 

 did not arrive. The permanent uplift of about 6*4 feet was noted at 

 Ogi and the distance over which there was uplift was nearly 15 miles. 



C. Meridian 134° to the tip of Honshu. In this group are included 

 the earthquakes of 1943, 1711, 1872, and 1676. The earthquake of 1943 

 appears to have been severe and felt over a large area. According to 

 first reports by radio, many persons were buried in the debris at Totori 

 and there was minor damage at Kobe, Osaka, and Hiroshima. These 

 reports of damage were later denied, but seismograph records at a 

 distance confirmed the first reported intensity. In the Hamada earth- 

 quake of 1872 there was an uplift of the shore amounting to 6V2 feet, 

 30 minutes before a widely felt shock. Fishermen began to gather 

 stranded fish and shells on a bared narrow bar joining the shore with 

 an islet. Immediately after the shock they rushed to higher ground 

 and escaped the moderate tsunami which followed. On one side of a 

 line through Hamada there was permanent upheaval to a maximum 

 of 6!/2 feet, and, on the other side, depression amounting to Zy 2 feet, 

 the total distance affected being about 12 miles. There were f oreshocks 

 with noise 4 or 5 days before the earthquake, and two on the same day. 



Region VI. Interior of Honshu. — The list includes the earthquakes 

 of 1766, 1896, 1611, 1659, 1828, 1714, 1847, 1858, and 1905 (on the In- 

 land Sea). The Sinano earthquake of 1847 was featured by thou- 

 sands of landslides and many villages were buried. The largest of 

 these slides blocked the river Saikawa, forming a lake 17 by 2y 2 miles 

 at its widest point. At the end of 19 days the dam gave way and 

 everything along the banks of the lower valley was swept away, 

 including 4,800 houses and 28 persons. In the Hida earthquake of 



