new Species of Harthworms. 67 
Septa 7/8 and 10/11 are very thick and 11/12 only 
slightly so. 
The oblique pharyngeal muscle-bands spring from the 
posterior margin of somite 7 ventrally, and pass inwards and 
forwards through septa 6/7 and 5/6 to be inserted into the 
ventral pharyngeal pit. The dorsal muscles form a closer 
matting structure, where the dorsal anterior wall of the 
pharynx is shot out, the whole pharynx appears on dissection 
a tubular structure, otherwise it is a spherical organ occu- 
pying somites 3-6. 
The whole of the ventral wall of the pharynx is sacculated, 
becoming a distinct pouch in somite 7. The gizzard is very 
strongly developed ; it is a long tubular structure, lying in 
somites 7}, 8,93, and accordingly septa 7/8 and 8/9 are 
displaced by the length of half a somite. Well-developed 
cesophageal pouches may occur in somites 9 and 10, the 
anterior being better developed. There is a typhlosole, 
the intestine beginning in segment 14. No salivary glands. 
The last heart is in segment 1]. A typhlosolar vessel and 
a lateral longitudinal vessel are present, the latter occasion- 
ally very feebly developed. 
The nephridia commence in segments 12-138. Those in 
13-16 are excessively large and are brownish in appearance. 
Frequently the nephridia may have a similar colour in one 
or more lobes. Structurally also there is modification. In 
the anterior nephridia (13-16) the lobes comprise very large 
oval cells, with deeply staining central nucleus. The proto- 
plasm stains less easily. Clearing with glacial acetic acid 
reveals nothing, except that the protoplasm of the cells 
appears clearer aud more granular. In sectional preparations, 
(fig. 4, B & C) the ordinary nephridial cells appear degenerate 
and block the system of draining-canals, the whole organ thus 
becoming a more solid structure with a rich plexus of blood- 
capillaries. There is little doubt that the larger cells are 
of secondary origin, though their source is doubtful. In 
none of the teased or sectional preparations of these modified 
nephridia could the occurrence of organic debris be found, 
the entire structure looking under the microscope not 
unlike that of an egg-sac. The exact nature of the function 
fulfilled by these greatly modified nephridia is problematical. 
The other nephridia in the middle of the body have the 
usual structure and disposition. 
Male organs.—'\'wo pairs of testes and two large seminal 
funnels in segments 9 and 10. The seminal vesicles, which 
are four, are unequally developed, and in point of attach- 
ment and position follow the usual rule (segments 9-12, the 
5* 
