206 Dr. C. W. Andrews on a 
some specimens the inner cusp is not much developed, as 
in the tooth from Bacton (16448) figured by Reynolds (pl. vi. 
fig. 6c), and still less in another specimen (M 6190) from Side- 
strand; on the other hand, in a specimen (M 5995) figured 
by Reynolds on the plate just quoted (fig. 6a), the com- 
plication is much greater, but in no case does it approach 
that seen in the normal pm, of the Pleistocene Ursus 
speleus. 
In both Ursus speleus and U. savint the mandibular rami 
of some old individuals, probably males, may become much 
deepened beneath the posterior molars. This is especially 
marked in one very massive mandibular ramus (M 6186) 
from Bacton ; in this case, however, this peculiarity may 
have been partly due toa diseased condition. This deepening 
of the posterior part of the mandibular ramus is well shown 
in a specimen from Overstrand (Savin Coll. M 6079) figured 
by E. TI. Newton (op. eit. pl.i. fig. 3). In younger “indi- 
viduals, particularly in the cae probably female, jaws, 
the lower border of the ramus is nearly straight. 
Another bear with which Ursus savini must be compared is 
U. deningeri from the older Pleistocene sands of Mosbach and 
Mauer. This species has been described in great detail by 
v. Reichenau [Abhandl. Geol. Landesanstalt Darmstadt, 
Bd. iv. (1901-8) p. 208], and its relationships to other species, 
especially to the Forest-bed bears and U. speleus, have been 
discussed by Freudenberg [ Paleeon. Abhandl. Bd. xvi. (1913- 
14) p. 582]. The latter author, though at first inclined to 
regard U. deningeri as identical with the common Forest-bed 
species (U. savini), later in his paper states that it is really 
different in several respects. ‘The chief differences are :— 
(1) in U. deningert pm, is always a narrow cone without 
the inner tubercle, which is often more or less developed in 
U. saviné; (2) in U. savini the third lower molar, though 
similar in general outline, is broader in proportion to its 
length, a peculiarity still more marked in m,-pm,y. In one 
specimen of Ursus deningert pm; is present. 
From his table of average measurements of the teeth in 
U. savini, U. deningeri, and U. spelwus, Freudenberg believes 
that U. savini is intermediate between U. speleus and U. de- 
ningeri; but the more extensive series of measurements now 
available shows that, so far as the dimensions of the teeth go, 
U. deningeri and U. savini are very similar. Nevertheless, 
the differences in structure already referred to and the differ- 
ence of date seem to justify the separation of the two forms 
