Geological Society. 331 
‘that the land had been raised about eight feet. However, on re- 
turning to Conception, doubts were raised, and to settle the matter 
beyond dispute, or the possibility of mistake, the owner of the 
island, Mr. Salvador Palma, accompanied us. An intelligent Ha- 
noverian, who had lived two years there and knew its shores tho- 
roughly, was also a passenger in the Beagle. His occupation upon 
the island was sealing. When we landed, the Hanoverian, whose 
name was Antonio Vogelborg, showed me a spot from which he used 
formerly to gather Choros by diving for them at low water. At 
dead low water, standing upon that bed of choros, and holding his 
hands up above his head, he could not reach the surface of the 
water. His height is six feet; on that spot when I was there the 
choros were barely covered at high spring tide. 
* Riding round the island afterwards with Mr. Palma and Vogel- 
borg, many measures were taken in places where no mistake could 
be made. On large steep-sided rocks, where vertical measures 
could be correctly taken, beds of dead mussels were found ten feet 
above the present high-water mark. A few inches only above 
what was taken as spring-tide high-water mark were putrid shell- 
fish and sea-weed, which evidently had not been wetted since the 
upheaval of the land. One foot lower than the highest bed of mus 
sels, a few limpets and chitons were adhering to the rock where 
they had grown. Two feet lower than the same, mussels, chitons, 
and limpets were abundant. 
* An extensive rocky flat lies around the northern parts of Santa 
Maria. Before the earthquake this flat was covered by the sea, 
some projecting rocks only showing themselves. Now the whole 
flat is exposed. Square acres (or many quadras) of this rocky flat 
were covered with dead shell-fish, and the stench arising from them 
was abominable. By this elevation of the land the southern port 
of Santa Maria has been almost destroyed ; there remains but little 
shelter, and very bad landing. The soundings have diminished a 
fathom and a half everywhere around the island.” 
The author then goes on to inform us that at Tubul, to the south- 
east of Santa Maria, the land has been raised six feet. At Mocha 
two feet. No elevation has been ascertained at Valdivia, north- 
ward of Conception; at Maule, according to the assertion of the 
governor, the chief pilot, and other residents, the land instead of 
being elevated had sunk two feet, for they said there were two feet 
more water on the bar after the shock, and the banks of the river 
were lowered. Capt. FitzRoy, however, suggests that a rush of wa~ 
ter might have shifted the loose sands of the bar; so that he doubts 
the subsidence at Maule, and only feels certain that the land had 
not risen there. 
It is scarcely necessary for me to advert to the striking analogy 
of the phenomena observed by Capt. FitzRoy and those which were 
formerly described by Mrs. Maria Graham (now Caleott), and pub- 
lished in our Transactions, respecting the Chilian earthquake of 1822. 
The coast of Valparaiso, Quintero, and other places was then stated 
to have undergone unequal erat the greatest amounting only 
9 9 
wo 
