Geological Society. 555 
Upon the chalk in various districts in Denmark is a breccia of an+ 
gular fragments of chalk and flint cemented with carbonate of lime. 
The chalk hills of Denmark present generally the same rounded, smooth 
outline as in many parts of England, with this distinction, that in 
Denmark they are crowned very commonly with small mammilliform 
hillocks of gravel, sand, and erratic blocks. As the sandy beds some- 
times contain shells identical with those now living in the German 
Ocean, it is evident that the chalk in Denmark has been submerged 
since the existence of the living species of Testacea. 
In Bornholm, Moen, and Seeland, the strike of the cretaceous strata 
is dependent on the strike of the most ancient granitic rocks in Scania; 
but in Jutland it is not parallel to them, and evidently was not caused 
by the same system of movements. 
In the central parts of Jutland is an extensive formation several 
hundred feet thick, referred by Dr. Beck to tertiary strata probably 
older than the erratic blocks. It consists in some localities of white 
micaceous sand, in which occasionally occur traces of brown coal, and 
near Skanderberg is a considerable layer of it. In other districts 
the formation is composed of clay, which also contains mica, flat 
masses of hydraulic limestone, like the septaria of the London clay, 
and occasionally a few organic remains, consisting of scales of fishes 
apparently belonging to the Cyprinide; the elytra of beetles, the 
cases of the larve of Phryganza, and an hymenopterous insect which 
the author has called Cleptis Stenstrupii. In the neighbourhood of 
Thisted at Thye, the north of Mors and in the island Fir, Dr. Beck 
observed, in 1831, dislocations which affect equally these tertiary strata 
and the chalk. 
To the tertiary period belong also the beds discovered by Professor 
Forchhammer in the island of Sylt, on the western shores of Holstein. 
Some of the few shells hitherto detected in them Dr. Beck has ascer- 
tained to agree with characteristic fossils of the London clay, and 
others, as Voluia Lambertii, with shells of the crag. 
To the same older tertiary period the author is inclined to refer the 
strata containing Valvata, Gyrogonites, &c., detected at Segeberg, and 
the deposit between Altona and Geuchstad in which Mr. Lyell disco- 
vered a valve of a Cardita. 
Newer than any of the above-mentioned formations are the deposits 
of gravel, sand, and loam, often several hundred feet thick, which ge- 
nerally cover the older strata, and constitute almost the whole surface 
of Denmark. In and upon these beds, the erratic blocks so common 
in that kingdom first appear. They consist principally of the commoner 
varieties of the gneiss and granitic schists of Scandinavia; but in the 
neighbourhood of Copenhagen Dr. Beck has observed blocks of trans- 
ition limestone, basalt with olivine, and the well-known secondary 
sandstone of Hor. In the northern part of Jutland he has also no- 
ticed blocks of Elfadal porphyry, and the blue zircon-syenite of Fre- 
dericksvaern in Norway. The gravel beds with erratic blocks rarely 
contain any fossils, but when shells do occur, they are often absolutely 
identical with living species. Dr. Beck has, however, found at Moen 
a specimen of Pleurotoma, which he believes to be tertiary, and there 
