Geological Society. 575 
In the county of Sligo there are no coal deposits, the nearest being 
the Arigna coal-field, in the county of Leitrim. The bed of sand- 
stone containing the plants is well exhibited, resting upon gneiss, with 
which it is stated to dip conformably, and is covered by the mountain 
limestone. The state of the plants prevented the author from ascer- 
taining their generic characters, but the specimens consist principally 
of flattened stems covered occasionally with a thin coating of carbo- 
naceous matter. The lowest beds of limestone in this part of Ireland 
abound with corals, and contain nodules of chert; while the upper 
contain many shells, and are purer and better adapted for forming 
quicklime. The author then remarks on the great interval which 
must have taken place between the growth of the plants contained 
in the sandstone, which underlies the limestone, and of those which 
occur in the coal-measures resting upon it. 
March 9.—A paper was read, “ On the Remains of Mammalia 
found in the Sewalik Mountains, at the southern foot of the Hima- 
layas between the Sutluj and the Ganges,” by Capt. Cautley, F.G.S., 
and communicated by J. F. Royle, Esq., F.G.S. ‘ 
The range of mountains from which the remains described in this 
paper were obtained, extends from the Sutlej to the Burhampooter 
and the district of Cooch Behar. Its general direction near the Sutluj 
is N.W. and S.E., but on approaching the Burhampooter it is many 
points nearer direct E. and W. It is either connected with theHima- 
layas by a succession of low mountains, or is separated from them by 
valleys varying in breadth from three to ten miles, the principal being 
the Deyra valley, between the Ganges and the Jumna, and theKearda 
and the Pinjore, between the Jumna and the Sutluj. The breadth of 
the range is from six to eight miles ; and the loftiest peaks do not 
exceed 3000 feet, the average height being from 2000 to 2500 
above the level of the sea, or from 500 to 1000 above that of the 
adjacent plains. The only roads by which the range can be passed 
follow the line of the rivers which flow through gorges flanked by pre- 
cipitous cliffs, sometimes crowned by inaccessible pinnacles, on the 
top of which is usually a solitary fir-tree. As the range is not 
known to the present inhabitants or to geographers by a distinct name, 
Capt. Cautley has been induced to call it the Sewalik, a term by 
which the portion between the Jumna and the Ganges was formerly 
known*; and he states that he is anxious to give to it a distinct ap- 
pellation to avoid the use of the indefinite terms Lower Hills and Sub- 
Himalayas. 
The formation of which the range is composed between the Sutluj 
and the Ganges, the portion personally examined by the author, con- 
sists of alternating beds of conglomerate, sandstone, marl, and clay, 
inclined at angles varying from 15° to 35°. The succession of the 
beds is irregular, the marl prevailing to the west and the conglomerate 
to the east of the Jumna. 
* Smith’s Exotic Botany, vol. i. p.9. Dow's History of India. The 
name is also used in some writings in the possession of the high priest re- 
siding at Deyra. The word is a corruption of Shibwalla, from the district 
between the Ganges and the Jumna having been the residence of Shib. 
