14 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.73 



Materials Uses 



Basalt Paddle-shape blades; spindle whorls; abrasives; 



saws; reamers; knives; wedges; weapon points; 



mauls; hammers; hammerstones; bowls; paint 



cups; pestles. 

 Basalt (columnar escarp- Pictographs; petroglyphs; scrapers; spades. 



ment) . 

 Chrysopase Ear pendants. 



Chalcedony DriUs; scrapers; weapon points; knives; etching 



tools. 



Diabase Pestles; hammerstones. 



Diatomaceous earth and Abrasives, 

 pumice. 



Dyorite Abrasives; whetstones; hammers; knives; net 



sinkers. 



Felsite Net sinkers. 



Flint Weapon points; drills; groovers. 



Granite Pestles; rollers; mortar stones; net sinkers; clubs; 



bowls; hammerstones; grooved hammers and 

 mauls; groovers. 



Greenstone Drills; hammerstones; abrasives; smoothing stones; 



pestles. 



Jasper Flaked and chipped points; scrapers; etchingtools; 



compasses; groovers; reamers; knives. 



Nephrite Adzes; celts; chisels. 



Obsidian " Ceremonials." 



Opal Weaving implements; weapon points; kmVes; 



scrapers. 



Petrified wood DriUs; scrapers; perforators; weapon points; weav- 

 ing implements; reamers. 



Quartzite._: Cooking stones; hammerstones; hammers; net 



sinkers; mortar stones; anchor stones; mauls; 

 clubs; pestles. 



Sandstone Arrowshaft smoothers; bowls; abrasives; ornamen- 

 tal disks. 



Schist (chlorite and mica) . _ Pipes; pendants; weaving implements; beads. 



Slate Knives; weapon points. 



Steatite or soapstone Ear ornaments; pendants; tubular pipes; beads. 



All forms of the stone ax, whether a hafted hammerstone, a mon- 

 olithic ax, or a grooved and bitted ax, were lacking in the surface 

 finds, and among the grave offerings at Wahluke the aboriginal inhab- 

 itants depended on the hafted discoidal stone war club, the flaked 

 hammerstone, the grooved maul, and the stone wedge in its stead. 



Utilization of available natural resources by the sedentary, non- 

 agricultural people of Wahluke was indeed thorough. Although the 

 variety of such resources was limited in extent by the practically 

 arid and barren environment, density of the aboriginal population 

 of the middle Columbia Valley may well have been greater than that 

 of the white race occupying the same territory within historic times. 

 To be sure, this utilization depended on native adaptability and a 

 knowledge of the resources afforded by the river which was near at 

 hand and by the distant mountain forests as well. 



