16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIOIvrAL MUSEUM vol.73 



Long bones of various species Marrow for oil; ornamented tubes; beads; 



gaming tubes; awls, wedges. 



Wing bones of birds Beads; gaming tubes; wliistles. 



Eagle Feathers for headdress; for feathering arrow 



shaft; claw used as pendant. 



Hawk Same use as eagle feathers and claws. 



Sturgeon {Acipenser transmon- As food; dried on racks and stored. 



tanus) . 

 Blue-backed salmon (Oncorhyn- As food; dried on racks and stored. 



chus sp.). 

 Steel-head salmon {Salmo Gaird- As food; vertebrae perforated as beads. 



neri) , 



Trout As food. 



Eel {Lampreta cibaria) Do. 



Suckers Do. 



Whale No artifacts shaped from its bones uncov- 

 ered. 

 Bones of fish, birds, rodents and Many undetermined uses. 



land animals. 



Horse No skeletal material uncovered. 



Bison (Bison A mericanus) No skeletal material uncovered nor arti- 

 facts shaped from bison bones found. 



Utilization of other natural resources as shells, berries, tubers and 

 other vegetable or plant products, fiber plants, minerals, wood, and 

 stone extends to a large varietj'' of products obtained from the lim- 

 ited materials near at hand and to others obtained at a distance 

 over well-defined trade or barter routes and on seasonal fishing or 

 hunting trips. 



Vegetable and plant products are represented in the finds at Wah- 

 luke as follows: 



Cedar {Thxija gigantea) Bark used in weaving baskets, mats, and as 



cord; hearth for fire making; bow stave. 



Indian hemp {Apocynum cannabi- Woven fabrics and as twine. 

 num.). 



Squaw grass {Herophyllum tenax). Woven fabrics; basketry. 



Ca,t-tai\ (Typha latifolia) Matting and woven fabrics for floors of 



tipi and sweat house. 



Tule {Scirpus lacustris) Matting and as covering for lodges. 



Elderberry Whistles; other unknown uses, probably as 



ferrules, or slip collars, or sockets. 



Birch-bark rolls {Betula micro- Uses unknown. 

 phylla) . 



Sagebrush Roughly woven twined fabrics; basketry. 



Willow (Salix lasiandra) Framework for sweat house; basketry; bow 



stave. 



Rye grass (Elymus) Fabrics and matting. 



Barley grass Twine; fabrics; matting. 



Bear grass (Xerophyllum tenax) Fabrics. 



Cottonwood {Populus trichocarpa) _ Bast or inner bark used as bedding and as 



twine; trunks hollowed by fire into dug- 

 out canoes. 



