8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM tol. 73 



No. 1. Volcano in action; lava setting fire to forests. Water-color drawing. 

 178157. 



No. 2. Lightning setting a forest on fire. Water-color drawing. 178158. 



No. 3. Camp fire; man borrowing fire. Water color drawing. 178159. 



No. 4. Fire saw. Strip of bamboo drawn across a section of bamboo. Dyaks 

 of Borneo and other Malays. 178152. 



No. 5. Fire thong. Rattan thong drawn over a grooved piece of wood. Dyaks 

 of Borneo. 178152. 



No. 6. Fire plow. Blunt stick worked along a groove in a lower stick. Polyne- 

 sians. 178152. 



No. 7. Fire driU. Slender rod twirled between the hands upon a lower stick 

 having a cavity with slot. Indians of the United States and widely 

 diffused in the world. 176353. 



No. 8. Fire drill. Rod held in a socket and gyrated by means of a cord. The 

 lower piece of wood has a cavity with slot opening upon a shelf. 

 Eskimo of Alaska. 127644. 



No. 9. Fire drill. Rod held in a socket and gyrated with a bow and cord. Lower 

 piece with cavities on a central groove. Eskimo of Alaska. 48078. 



No. 10. Fire drill. Pump drill used specially for sacred fire. Iroquois Indians, 

 Canada. 



No. 11. Strike-a-light. Flint and iron pyrites struck together as the ordinary 

 flint and steel. Eskimo of Alaska. 178154. 



No. 12. Strike-a-light. Flint and steel and box for holding flint, steel, and tinder. 

 Sulphur-tipped splint ignited from the tinder. England. 130436. 



No. 13. Strike-a-light. Bamboo tube and striker of pottery used as flint and 

 steel. Two boxes for tinder. Malay. 



No. 14. Tinder pistol. Gunlock adapted for throwing sparks into tinder. Eng- 

 land. 175712. 



No. 15. Strike-a-light. Combination of flint, steel, tinder, and extinguisher for 

 carrying in the pocket. Spain. 178155. 



No. 16. Fire syringe. Cylinder with closely fitting piston bearing tinder. Driv- 

 ing the piston down smartly kindles the tinder. Siamese and Malays. 

 176091. 



No. 17. Lens. Used for producing fire by focusing sunlight upon tinder. Ancient 

 Greeks. 178151. 



No. 18. Hydrogen lamp. Hydrogen gas is made to play upon spongy platinum, 

 causing it to glow. Germany, 1824. 165440. 



No. 19. Match light box. Bottle of sulphuric acid, into which splints tipped with 

 potassium chlorate and sugar were dipped. Vienna, 1809. 151711. 



No. 20. Matches. Various kinds of phosphorus matches. 178156. 



No. 21. Electric gas lighter. Cylinder containing a small dynamo run by pres- 

 sure of the finger, producing sparks between the points at the upper 

 end of the tube. United States, 1882. 200512. 



The means of applying forces for making fire may be classified as 

 below in the order of their utilization: 



FrictiondL, drilling, sawing, plowing on woods. 



Percussional, striking pyrites, flint and pyrites, and flint and steel. 



Physical, compression of air, platinum sponge, lens, mirror. 



Chemical, chemical combination as matches, sodium, pyrophores, 

 etc. 



Electrical, electrical energy, sparking apparatus. 



