ART. 15 ANATOMY OF THE EAEED AjSTD EARLESS SEALS HOWELL 47 



M. mylohyoideus (figs. 18, 19) was normal for both Zalophus and 

 Phoca. Origin was from the inner border of the lower jaw, with 

 fibers passing caudo-mediad, and insertion was into the medial raphe 

 and upon the basihyal. 



4. MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE 



M. mylohyoideus (figs. 18, 19) was normal for both Zalophus and 

 arose from the connective tissue about the stylohyal and from a 

 slight prominence upon the audital bulla. (Fig. 4.) It passed 

 closely mediad of the diagastric and thence into the tongue. In the 

 Phoca it was similar save that origin was from the inferior lip of 

 the auditory meatus. 



M. hyoglossus (figs. 18, 19) arose in the Zalophus from the thyro- 

 and basi-hyal, deep to the mylohyoid, passing deep to the styloglossus 

 and extending to the tongue tip. In the Phoca it was similar save 

 that the origin was chiefly from the thyrohyal. 



M. genioglosstts was heavy in the Zalophus and arose chiefly from 

 the basi- and cerato-hyals, with relatively few fibers from the lower 

 jaw. Insertion was into the tongue as usual. In the Phoca origin 

 was from the lower jaw only, with no direct connection with the 

 hyoid. In this animal there also seemed to be elements of a chondro- 

 glossus muscle, represented by fibers passing from the thyrohyal into 

 the tongue. For P. vituUna and Arctocephalus Miller reported the 

 usual attachments to lower jaw, hyoid and tongue. 



MUSCLES OF THE BODY 



MUSCLES OF THE XECK 



Superficial group. — M. sternomastoideus (figs. 2. 5, 18, 19) in the 

 Zalophus arose narrowly from the presternal tip and by fisciculi 

 from its antimere (the juncture being free from the muscles be- 

 neath) as far craniad as the thyroid cartilage. Insertion was fas- 

 cial and along the lateral third of the occipital crest adjoining the 

 cephalohumeral, and more tendinous upon the mastoid process. In 

 the Phoca the origin was located more caudad, it being from the 

 border of the presternum, and insertion was limited to the mastoid 

 process. Miller described for Arctocephalus a part of the sterno- 

 mastoid which was utterly unlike anything which I encountered. In 

 addition to the sternal origin, he stated that a part arose from the 

 deltoid ridge of the humerus and from the fascial slip representing 

 the clavicle. The latter part may be homologous with what I am 

 terming the cleidomastoid ; but in another place Miller said that it 

 constituted the omohyoid, which, because of its insertion, is hardly 



